NDU Internet Homepage NDU MERLN Home Page
  MERLN Home      About      Digital Collections    Issues at a Glance   Military Policy Awareness Links (MiPALs)      Publications      RSS      White Papers   

Yemen

Libya

Protests in the Middle East

Kyrgyzstan

Deepwater Horizon Gulf Oil Spill

H1N1 and Pandemic Influenza

U.S. Relations with the Muslim World

U.S. Grand Strategy for Afghanistan / Pakistan

Piracy off the Coast of Somalia

 

Deepwater Horizon Gulf Oil Spill
Compiled by the National Defense University Library
Updated 15 January 2013

Deepwater Horizon Rig in FlamesOn 20 April 2010, an explosion ripped through the BP Deepwater Horizon drilling rig, about 40 miles off the coast of Louisiana. In the ensuing disaster, eleven workers lost their lives, and seventeen others were injured. Two days after the explosion, the damaged oil rig sank, and the Coast Guard noted the appearance of a 1-by-5 mile oil slick. By 24 April, the Coast Guard confirmed that fresh oil was leaking from two places at the well. On 29 April, Homeland Security Secretary Napolitano declared the spill a crisis of national significance, allowing the Federal government to draw resources from across the country to support a massive cleanup effort.  Despite this immense response, Louisiana's vibrant fishing and seafood industries were shut down in anticipation of oil contamination, and a region that relies so heavily on tourism saw an almost complete cessation of visitors, exacerbating economic hardships for a population still struggling to rebound from the devastation of Hurricane Katrina.

By June, scientists confirmed that the Deepwater Horizon Gulf oil spill was the largest offshore oil spill in U.S. territory in American history, and President Obama proclaimed it the worst environment disaster ever faced in the U.S. In a statement to the nation on 15 June, the President articulated a three-part response plan to the Gulf oil spill: the the largest environmental cleanup effort in our nation's history, sending nearly 30,000 personnel across four states to contain and clean up the oil; the development of a recovery and restoration plan for the Gulf Coast, allocating resources to compensate workers and business owners whose livelihoods have been harmed, and development of a gulf coast restoration plan to combat decades of economic disaster and environmental degradation that has jeopardized the future of wetlands and habitats; and steps to ensure that disaster like this does not happen again by the establishment of a National Commission to understand the causes of this disaster and offer recommendations on what additional safety and environmental standards need to be put in place, along with a 6-month moratorium on deepwater drilling. On 16 June, President Obama met with officials from BP and announced the establishment of a $20 billion fund to pay claims for damages resulting from this spill.

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico has brought a number of important policy issues to the fore, and this page examines major issues such as the Federal response to the spill, the economic and environmental impacts, and health and safety issues, liability issues, and implications for future offshore drilling and exploration. The page concludes with a close look at the national security implications of oil dependency in the U.S.

General Information on the Spill
Official U.S. Government Response
Congressional Hearings
Government Accountability Office and Congressional Research Service Reports
Analysis of the Federal Response and Oversight Role
BP Response
Economic Impact
Environmental Impact
Health and Safety Issues
Liability and Responsibility Issues
Offshore Drilling and Exploration
National Security Implications of Oil Dependency
Additional Resources

General Information on the Spill

TOP

Official U.S. Response to the Spill

TOP

Congressional Hearings
Additional Congressional Hearings can be found in the relevant subject categories below 

TOP

Government Accountability and Congressional Research Service Reports

TOP

Analysis of the Federal Response and Oversight Role

TOP

BP Response to the Disaster

TOP

Economic Impact of the Spill

TOP

Environmental Impact of the Spill

TOP

Health and Safety Issues

TOP

Liability and Responsibility Issues

TOP

Offshore Drilling and Exploration

TOP

National Security Implications of Oil Dependency

TOP

Additional Resources

TOP

    NDU Security Policy & Privacy Notice Send Comments