Current Journal Articles 00-05 (December 2000)

    Achinese (Indonesian people)

  1. Ravich, Samantha F. "Eyeing Indonesia Through the Lens of Aceh." Washington Quarterly 23, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 7-20.
    What are Indonesia's prospects as the country strives to regain stability after the political turmoil and the downfall of the Suharto regime. The situation in the province of Aceh is potentially volatile. Like East Timor before, Aceh is also seeking autonomy.

    Afghanistan -- Politics and government.

  2. Howard, Shawn A. "The Afghan Connection: Islamic Extremism in Central Asia." National Strategic Studies Quarterly 6, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 25-54.
    In Central Asia, where US interests and investments have matured considerably since the end of the Cold War, instability is widespread. The author examines Central Asia's relationship with its neighbors, and in particular, the role of Afghanistan in the spread of Islamic fundamentalism. He concludes with recommendations for a mid-to long-term strategy designed to stabilize the region and advance US interests.

    Africa -- Economic policy.

  3. Guillaume, Dominique M. and David Stasavage. "Improving Policy Credibility: Is There a Case for African Monetary Unions?" World Development 28, no. 8 (August, 2000): 1391-1497.
    This article analyzes experience with monetary policy in Africa, focusing on countries that have participated in rule-based regional monetary agreements. It discusses the importance of monetary unions, and examines the reasons behind the credibility problems in monetary policies. Extensive tables lend evidence to factors that undermine credibility of African monetary unions.

    Africa, West -- Economic conditions -- 1960-

  4. Siddiqi, Moin. "A Single Currency for West Africa?" African Business , no. 257 (September, 2000): 16-17.
    The 14 members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are planning a single currency, similar to the Euro, by 2004. The author details the plans and the rules required for member states to enter into this unified plans; he discusses pros and cons.

    Aircraft carriers -- Launching and recovery equipment.

  5. Doyle, Michael et al. "The Benefits of Electromagnetically Launching Aircraft." Naval Engineers Journal 112, no. 3 (May, 2000): 77-82.
    The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) is the U.S. Navy' next generation aircraft launching system for twenty-first century aircraft carriers. EMALS will replace current steam catapults. EMALS promises greater reliability and safety, broader launch performance, reduced maintenance, and less weight and volume.

    Aircraft, military.

  6. Doyle, Michael et al. "The Benefits of Electromagnetically Launching Aircraft." Naval Engineers Journal 112, no. 3 (May, 2000): 77-82.
    The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) is the U.S. Navy' next generation aircraft launching system for twenty-first century aircraft carriers. EMALS will replace current steam catapults. EMALS promises greater reliability and safety, broader launch performance, reduced maintenance, and less weight and volume.

    Algeria -- Politics and government -- 1990-

  7. Miller, William H. "Insurgency Theory and the Conflict in Algeria: A Theoretical Analysis." Terrorism & Political Violence 12, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 60-78.
    The government of the former French colony of Algeria continues to stand despite a vicious cycle of violent terrorist acts over the past decade. Miller examines the various types of insurgency theories: Urban Insurrection, Rural Guerrilla Warfare, Urban Terror and Focoism. The Algerian insurgency has failed to coalesce and has degenerated into a purposeless, though continuing, violent movement.

    Antimissile missiles -- Research.

  8. Lloyd, Richard M. "New Technology Counters Ballistic Missile Weapons." Aerospace America 38, no. 4 (April, 2000): 26-27.
    This article examines methods under consideration for the enhancement of direct-hit 'kinetic kill' warheads used by theater ballistic missile (TBM) interception systems. In particular, the problem posed by TBM warheads, that are made up of numerous submunitions, is addressed by the use of aimable kinetic energy rod warheads on interceptor missiles.

    Armed Forces and mass media.

  9. Shacochis, Bob. "Pens and Swords." Harvard International Review 22, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 2000): 26-30.
    The relationship of US military services with the media is discussed.

    Armored vehicles, Military -- Vietnam.

  10. Kutta, Timothy J. "The ARVN's Armored Corps Rose from Humble Beginnings in 1950 to Play a Major Role in the Final Battles of the War." Vietnam 13, no. 2 (August, 2000): 12, 70+.
    In 1950, when the South Vietnamese Armored Corps was officially established, it had little equipment, most of which was outdated. This quickly changed and 1952 saw the first armor course offered for Vietnamese officers attending the THU DUC Reserve Officer's School. From rather humble beginnings, the armored calvary regiments emerged to become the elite of the South Vietnamese Army. The ARVN armor bravely fought the communists, but succumbed to superior forces in 1974.

    ASEAN.

  11. Cruz de Castro, Renato. "Whither Geoeconomics? Bureaucratic Inertia in U.S. Post-Cold War Foreign Policy Toward East Asia." Asian Affairs 26, no. 4 (Winter, 2000): 201-221.
    The Clinton administration has placed the geoeconomic agenda with the nations of East Asia on the back burner, according to Cruz de Castro. The financial crises of the area and Japan's decline contribute to lower U.S. interest in the area. The complicated relationship between the U.S. and China and the Clinton push for geopolitical strength in the area have left economics in the background, other than the sales of U.S. goods. The roles of the State Department and PACOM are explored. Human rights, territorial claims, and U.S. trade expansion are issues at hand.

    Asia -- Economic conditions -- 1945-

  12. Cruz de Castro, Renato. "Whither Geoeconomics? Bureaucratic Inertia in U.S. Post-Cold War Foreign Policy Toward East Asia." Asian Affairs 26, no. 4 (Winter, 2000): 201-221.
    The Clinton administration has placed the geoeconomic agenda with the nations of East Asia on the back burner, according to Cruz de Castro. The financial crises of the area and Japan's decline contribute to lower U.S. interest in the area. The complicated relationship between the U.S. and China and the Clinton push for geopolitical strength in the area have left economics in the background, other than the sales of U.S. goods. The roles of the State Department and PACOM are explored. Human rights, territorial claims, and U.S. trade expansion are issues at hand.

    Associations, institutions, etc.

  13. Najam, Adil. "The Four-C's of Third Sector-Government Relations: Cooperation, Confrontation, Complimentarity, and Co-optation. " Nonprofit Management and Leadership 10, no. 4 (Summer, 2000): 375+.
    In this article, the author refers to nongovernmental organizations as being nonprofit, voluntary, independent, charitable, people-oriented, philanthropic, associational, or third sector. He states that the "nongovernmental" organizations and government organizations are increasingly being thrown together on a global level. Because of this, they must learn to work together and understanding each other is the beginning of this cooperation.

    Aurand, Henry Spiese, 1894 -

  14. Ulbrich, David J. "Logisticians Need Practice: Comparing the Pre-War Military Careers of Montgomery Meigs and Henry Aurand." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 32+.
    An earlier version of this paper was presented to the Society for Military History in 1999. The way the American military views logistics is presented along with brief profiles of the pre-war careers of General Montgomery Meigs and General Henry Aurand.

    Automation -- Economic aspects.

  15. Roberts, Michael. "Using E-Manufacturing to Drive Supply Chain Optimization." Chemical Week Internet Focus 2000 (July 26, 2000): S20-S21.
    Automation is nothing new to chemical manufacturing companies. With the advent of e-commerce, they will be expanding and heightening this automation by completely integrating their production units into various key supply chain processes. E-commerce and the manufacturing supply chain are discussed.

    Automobile industry and trade.

  16. Andel, Tom. "Material Handling Drives Auto Excellence." Material Handling Management 55, no. 7 (July, 2000): 46-47.
    The logistics of moving materials throughout the automotive industry is complex and costly. This article highlights changes the Big 3 U.S. automakers are making. These include increased use of e-commerce, cooperative efforts with competitors and increased coordination within a company. Expected results include higher quality products and cost-reductions.

  17. Maloney, David. "The Driving Force Behind Honda." Modern Materials Handling 55, no. 8 (July, 2000): 73-75.
    Centralized procurement, a practice that is a great benefit to every Honda assembly facility, is discussed. Honda Trading America manages the various complicated supply chains by using Blinco Systems distribution software.

    Ballistic missile defenses -- United States.

  18. Daalder, Ivo H. et al. "Deploying NMD: Not Whether, But How." Survival 42, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 6-28.
    The author discusses the debate concerning the US building a national missile defense (NMD) system within the next decade. He points out that while the NMD system could make the US somewhat more secure in case of a small-scale attack, it could also make the US substantially less secure if steps are not taken to accommodate Russia's strategic concerns.

  19. Deutch, John et al. "National Missile Defense: Is There Another Way?" Foreign Policy , no. 119 (Summer, 2000): 91-100.
    Three former top United States defense officials explain why they are not in favor of President Bill Clinton's national missile defense (NMD) proposal. The comparison includes four factors: nature of threat, technical readiness, affordability, and political impact. In conclusion the authors propose an alternative approach to NMD.

  20. Hughes, James H. "A Vision for Space." Journal of Social Political and Economic Studies 25, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 3-17.
    This article explores the advantages of deploying ballistic missile defenses in space, and examines the feasibility of developing manned bases on the moon.

  21. Slocombe, Walter. "The Administration's Approach." Washington Quarterly 23, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 79-85.
    In a question-and-answer format, Mr. Slocombe addresses issues concerning National Missile Defense.

  22. Train, John. "Facing the Risks: A Realistic Look at Missile Defense." Strategic Review 28, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 4-8.
    Analyzing possible nuclear and alternative threats to the US, the author argues that the Navy's Theater-wide System (NTW) deserves more attention in the national defense context. He concludes that the Navy Area Defense System has a distinct advantage of mobility; blocking threats from different directions as they occur.

    Ballistic missiles.

  23. Lloyd, Richard M. "New Technology Counters Ballistic Missile Weapons." Aerospace America 38, no. 4 (April, 2000): 26-27.
    This article examines methods under consideration for the enhancement of direct-hit 'kinetic kill' warheads used by theater ballistic missile (TBM) interception systems. In particular, the problem posed by TBM warheads, that are made up of numerous submunitions, is addressed by the use of aimable kinetic energy rod warheads on interceptor missiles.

    Baluchi (Southwest Asia People) -- Politics and government.

  24. Kaplan, Robert D. "The Lawless Frontier." Atlantic Monthly 286, no. 3 (September, 2000): 66-88.
    A little known conflict is occurring in Baluchistan the borderlands area between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The locals are called Pashtoon, Baluchi, and Raisanis, ethnic clans who control the area and against whom the government of Pakistan is fighting. The author fears that there is an institutional meltdown in Pakistan. Add to this picture, acute multi-year drought, hundreds of thousands of refugees from Afghanistan, little to no industry or investment, and the proximity of the Taliban. Pakistan is now governed by General Musharraf, who toppled the previous government in a coup in 1999. The author fears that the meltdown could result in a new Yugoslavia like situation, armed with possible nuclear weapons.

    Baluchistan (Pakistan) -- Politics and government.

  25. Kaplan, Robert D. "The Lawless Frontier." Atlantic Monthly 286, no. 3 (September, 2000): 66-88.
    A little known conflict is occurring in Baluchistan the borderlands area between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The locals are called Pashtoon, Baluchi, and Raisanis, ethnic clans who control the area and against whom the government of Pakistan is fighting. The author fears that there is an institutional meltdown in Pakistan. Add to this picture, acute multi-year drought, hundreds of thousands of refugees from Afghanistan, little to no industry or investment, and the proximity of the Taliban. Pakistan is now governed by General Musharraf, who toppled the previous government in a coup in 1999. The author fears that the meltdown could result in a new Yugoslavia like situation, armed with possible nuclear weapons.

    Banks and banking, International.

  26. Martin, N. Baily et al. "The Color of Hot Money." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 2 (March/April 2000): 80-98.
    After a brief history of the Asian financial crisis, the author explains short-term foreign banking and hedge fund investment strategies. It is widely believed that hedge funds caused the crisis, but the author points to how 'hot money' that rushed in and out of emerging markets from irresponsible banks is to blame for destabilizing economies. Specific financial problems of Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, Indonesia and the Philippines are addressed.

    Bombing, Aerial -- Switzerland.

  27. Helmreich, Jonathan E. "The Bombing of Zurich." Aerospace Power Journal 14, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 92-108.
    Available Online.
    Allied bombs were dropped in Switzerland during World War II beginning with sporadic incidents in 1943 and escalating until the accidental bombing of Zurich on 4 March 1945. The capital of this neutral country had 12 tons of incendiaries and 12.5 tons of high explosive bombs dropped by six American B-24's. For this act of "friendly fire," the US paid millions and brought court martial proceedings against the officers. Col. James (Jimmy) M. Stewart presided over the court martial. This is thought to be the first time that US soldiers were prosecuted for acts of friendly fire.

  28. Turner, Lisa L. "The Articles of War and the UCMJ." Aerospace Power Journal 14, no. 3 (Fall, 2000): 99-109.
    Available Online.
    This article is a reply to the article, The Bombing of Zurich, by Dr. Jonathan Helmreich in the Summer 2000 issue of Aerospace Power Journal. The article not only addresses the court martial of Lieutenants William R. Sincock and Theodore Q. Balides for the accidental bombing of Zurich, but it goes on to talk about the Articles of War that they were tried by. According to Maj. Turner during World War II, there was an average of one court martial for every eight US service members. President Truman signed the Uniform Code of Military Justice (U.C.M.J.) on 5 May 1950 as a result of the problems encountered during this war.

    Brazil -- Armed Forces.

  29. "Forces Branch Out." Jane's Defence Weekly 33, no. 25 (June 21, 2000)
    With good economic potential, Brazil is considered one of Latin America's major powers. Almost half of the GDP of Latin America comes from Brazil. The roles of their armed forces are changing. A Ministry of Defence (composed of the army, navy and aeronautical ministries) has been created and, for the first time, a defense white paper has been published.

    Brazil -- Defenses.

  30. "Forces Branch Out." Jane's Defence Weekly 33, no. 25 (June 21, 2000)
    With good economic potential, Brazil is considered one of Latin America's major powers. Almost half of the GDP of Latin America comes from Brazil. The roles of their armed forces are changing. A Ministry of Defence (composed of the army, navy and aeronautical ministries) has been created and, for the first time, a defense white paper has been published.

    Budget deficits -- United States.

  31. Schick, Allen. ""A Surplus, If We Can Keep It": How the Federal Budget Surplus Happened." Brookings Review 18, no. 1 (Winter, 2000): 36-39.
    How does a 1998-projected 300+ billion-dollar deficit transform into a 100 billion-dollar surplus that is expected to quadruple in the decade ahead? The author examines the economic indicators of the 1980s and 1990s to explain how the federal budget deficit was converted into surplus.

    Business enterprises -- Computer networks.

  32. Bingi, Prasad et al. "The Challenges Facing Global E-Commerce." Information Systems Management 17, no. 4 (Fall, 2000): 26-34.
    The growth of the Internet and E-commerce has been phenomenal; the article estimates that by 2004, over one billion people will have web access. E-commerce lacks any established business models; E-companies have completely shaken the traditional business models. They list the four main challenges in this new industry and their subsets: Economic, Social, Technical, and Legal. E-commerce must address these issues to negotiate the uncharted waters ahead.

    Business enterprises -- Rankings.

  33. Robinson, Jim. "50 Top Foreign Companies in Mexico." Business Mexico 10, no. 7 (July, 2000): 24-34.
    Mexico is considered to be a good country for business investments. Mexico now occupies the number two trading partner spot for the United States and it is predicted that it will overtake Canada for the number one spot within ten years. NAFTA played an important part in enabling Mexico to attract major companies. A table ranks the companies, giving their country of origin, sector, total sales, number of employees and website.

  34. ______. "Top 100 Mexican Companies." Business Mexico 10, no. 6 (June, 2000): 42-54.
    Table 1 ranks the top 100 private Mexican companies using financial statements and Bolsa reports. Assets, sales, operating profit, market capitalization and the number of employees were considered the key ranking indicators. Table 2 has the top 10 companies in percentage increase in assets, sales and operating profit categoreis. Table 3 ranks the companies who finished within the top 10 in the above 5 key categories. The companies earn a star each time they finish in a top ten category and are ranked accordingly.

    Business logistics.

  35. Andel, Tom. "Material Handling Drives Auto Excellence." Material Handling Management 55, no. 7 (July, 2000): 46-47.
    The logistics of moving materials throughout the automotive industry is complex and costly. This article highlights changes the Big 3 U.S. automakers are making. These include increased use of e-commerce, cooperative efforts with competitors and increased coordination within a company. Expected results include higher quality products and cost-reductions.

  36. Bovel, David and Joseph Martha. "From Supply Chain to Value Net." Journal of Business Strategy 21, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 24-28.
    The article points out that the supply chain should be managed strategically in order to achieve the best results. A value net is advocated to work with information flow between customer/supplier partnerships. Done right, whoever or whatever the "customer" is, the demands will be met rapidly, reliably, and accurately.

  37. Brack, Ken. "Your E-Options." Industrial Distribution 89, no. 7 (July, 2000): 54-58.
    Electronic commerce, E-business, dot-com firms - all are terms used to describe business via the Internet. Some of the best options on how to conduct Internet business are discussed, along with tips on how to evaluate them.

  38. Kratz, Louis A. "Designing Our Logistics System for the Next 50 Years." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 9+.
    The US has enjoyed an advantage in defense logistics since the Revolutionary War, and this logistical advantage as a key force multiplier has continued through the Kosovo air campaign. Our allies rely on our superior military capability. Now we must transform our logistics system to meet today's needs and to keep our dominant position.

  39. Kutner, Joshua A. "War-Fighters Need Improved Manegement of Supply Chain ." National Defense 85, no. 561 (August, 2000): 52+.
    The Pentagon logistics system uses systems that are over 30 years old. Now, it's mission is changing and the focus is on supporting the warfighter, not maintaining large inventories. DOD needs an easy way to locate supplies - they need one workable, across-agency supply chain.

  40. Maloney, David. "The Driving Force Behind Honda." Modern Materials Handling 55, no. 8 (July, 2000): 73-75.
    Centralized procurement, a practice that is a great benefit to every Honda assembly facility, is discussed. Honda Trading America manages the various complicated supply chains by using Blinco Systems distribution software.

  41. Neubert, Criss et al. "Evolution of Modernization Through Spares to Continuous Technology Refreshment: The Momentum Continues." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000 ): 20+.
    As the Army's procurement budget shrinks and its weapons age, new ways have to be found to implement acquisition and logistics reform initiatives. Continuous Technology Refreshment (CTR) is one way. This is a design life cycle material management strategy that is used to reduce sustainment costs.

  42. Petersen, Kenneth J. et al. "An Empirical Investigation of Global Sourcing Strategy Effectiveness." Journal of Supply Chain Mangement 36, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 29-38.
    This article discusses how the success of a business in global competition is directly related to how well they plan their business strategy. Includes various tables.

  43. Read, Jennifer. "Supply Chain Managers Drowning." Eletronic News 46, no. 31 (July 31, 2000): 48+.
    Supply chain usage is being changed by e-commerce. This new technology, brought about by the Internet, has made supply chain management an ongoing, evolving process. The Stanford Global Supply Chain Mangement Forum is a proven leading research organization for companies to utilize when sharing knowledge and information.

  44. Roberts, Michael. "The Dawn of Next-Generation Digital Supply Chains." Chemical Week Internet Focus 2000 (July 26, 2000): S8-S10.
    The Internet has tranformed management techniques for traditional supply chains. The article explains implementation of e-supply chain solutions have changed and improved several industries.

  45. ______. "Using E-Manufacturing to Drive Supply Chain Optimization." Chemical Week Internet Focus 2000 (July 26, 2000): S20-S21.
    Automation is nothing new to chemical manufacturing companies. With the advent of e-commerce, they will be expanding and heightening this automation by completely integrating their production units into various key supply chain processes. E-commerce and the manufacturing supply chain are discussed.

  46. Sols, Alberto. "Logistics and Industrial Co-operation (Offset): The Perfect Link." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 30+.
    Reviewed are five of the principal possibilities found in the logistics field that are needed for industrial co-operation commitments. They are suppy of spares, maintenance, training and technical assistance, documentation, and tools and test equipment.

  47. Thrower, Mike and Steve Caddell. "The Integrated Supply Network." British Journal of Administrative Management , no. 21 (July/August 2000): 20-21.
    This article begins with a history of the integrated supply network, continues with the traditional approach to facilities mangement and offers a better way to approach facilities mangement. It proposes that to have a successful service delivery, it is vital to effectively manage the facilities management supply chain.

    Business travel -- Latin America.

  48. "Business Travel Guide to the Americas." Latin Trade Supplement to Latin Trade 5th Annual Edition (August, 2000)
    Entire issue.
    This 5th annual edition is an excellent guide to countries in Central America, South America, the Dominican Republic and Miami. In addition to general information, up-to-date information is available on airport/airlines, car rentals, visitor information services, embassies/consulates, economic development, business groups, government liaisons, travel agencies and hotels - and MORE. When available, telephone and fax numbers, e-mail addresses and web sites are given. Information is also available on selected cities.

    Catapults (Aeronautics).

  49. Doyle, Michael et al. "The Benefits of Electromagnetically Launching Aircraft." Naval Engineers Journal 112, no. 3 (May, 2000): 77-82.
    The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) is the U.S. Navy' next generation aircraft launching system for twenty-first century aircraft carriers. EMALS will replace current steam catapults. EMALS promises greater reliability and safety, broader launch performance, reduced maintenance, and less weight and volume.

    China -- Armed Forces.

  50. Bickford, Thomas A. "Regularization and the Chinese People's Liberation Army: An Assessment of Change." Asian Survey 40, no. 3 (May/June 2000): 456-474.
    Change is occuring in the world's largest army. The force of law and regulation is creating an army run by the law and an army engaged in divestiture of industries. The PLA is becoming more like Western armies. New guidelines for promotions, training, combat operations and other aspects are modernizing the traditional PLA. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) wants to strengthen its control over the PLA. Bickford provides the historical background and leadup to the ongoing regularization (in Chinese : zhengguihua).

  51. Mayama, Katsuhiko. "Chinese People's Liberation Army: Reduction in Force by 500,000 and Trend of Modernization." NIDS Security Reports , no. 1 (March, 2000): 116-134.
    The reduction of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) announced by Chairman Jiang Zemin in September 1997, and the target of modernizing of the Chinese military are the scope of this article.

    China -- Military policy.

  52. Mayama, Katsuhiko. "Chinese People's Liberation Army: Reduction in Force by 500,000 and Trend of Modernization." NIDS Security Reports , no. 1 (March, 2000): 116-134.
    The reduction of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) announced by Chairman Jiang Zemin in September 1997, and the target of modernizing of the Chinese military are the scope of this article.

    China -- Politics and government.

  53. Bickford, Thomas A. "Regularization and the Chinese People's Liberation Army: An Assessment of Change." Asian Survey 40, no. 3 (May/June 2000): 456-474.
    Change is occuring in the world's largest army. The force of law and regulation is creating an army run by the law and an army engaged in divestiture of industries. The PLA is becoming more like Western armies. New guidelines for promotions, training, combat operations and other aspects are modernizing the traditional PLA. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) wants to strengthen its control over the PLA. Bickford provides the historical background and leadup to the ongoing regularization (in Chinese : zhengguihua).

  54. Chi, Yingying. "China's Rural Challenge." Harvard International Review 22, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 34-37.
    An assessment of China's village elections, which allows villagers to elect local officials. This system of "grass roots" democracy was established with the 1987 Organic Law of the Village Committee.

  55. Feldman, Harvey. "China's Elusive Democracy." World & I (July, 2000): 20-27.
    Modernization and reform policies initiated by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970's have flourished, resulting in China's present economic growth. Despite the rise in capitalism, the Chinese Communist Party maintains government control. This is not likely to change anytime soon.

  56. Misra, Amalendu. "Tibet: In Search of a Resolution." Central Asian Survey 19, no. 1 (March, 2000): 79-93.
    This author likens the situation in Tibet to that of Bosnia or East Timor, yet the international community has failed to respond accordingly. A detailed article outlines the history of the Tibet Question, and explores the cultural, religious and political aspects.

    China. Zhong guo ren min jie fang jun.

  57. Bickford, Thomas A. "Regularization and the Chinese People's Liberation Army: An Assessment of Change." Asian Survey 40, no. 3 (May/June 2000): 456-474.
    Change is occuring in the world's largest army. The force of law and regulation is creating an army run by the law and an army engaged in divestiture of industries. The PLA is becoming more like Western armies. New guidelines for promotions, training, combat operations and other aspects are modernizing the traditional PLA. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) wants to strengthen its control over the PLA. Bickford provides the historical background and leadup to the ongoing regularization (in Chinese : zhengguihua).

  58. Mayama, Katsuhiko. "Chinese People's Liberation Army: Reduction in Force by 500,000 and Trend of Modernization." NIDS Security Reports , no. 1 (March, 2000): 116-134.
    The reduction of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) announced by Chairman Jiang Zemin in September 1997, and the target of modernizing of the Chinese military are the scope of this article.

    Citizenship -- Israel.

  59. Sa'di, Ahmad H. "Israel as Ethnic Democracy: What are the Implications for the Palestinian Minority?" Arab Studies Quarterly 22, no. 1 (Winter, 2000): 25-37.
    Israel, at this time of the emergence of a Palestinian state, remains a country deeply divided on majority/minority lines. Israel views itself as both democratic and Jewish, thus creating the problem of the citizenship of non-Jewish, mainly Palestinian residents. The author examines the sociological model for the Israeli state as offered by Sammy Smooha, a Haifa University sociologist.

    Civil-military relations.

  60. Shacochis, Bob. "Pens and Swords." Harvard International Review 22, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 2000): 26-30.
    The relationship of US military services with the media is discussed.

    Colombia -- Foreign relations -- United States.

  61. Pardo, Rafael. "Colombia's Two-Front War." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 64-73.
    Colombia needs international help to combat its problems with drugs and guerrillas. According to the author with proper planning and assistance from both the US and other foreign powers, Colombia will begin to address its many problems with violence, gun running, and the spread of drugs. One beginning would be for the US to change the current drug policy to one that is multilateral long-term policy focusing on shared goals, sensible compromises and increased cooperation with all concerned parties.

    Computer security.

  62. Peltier, Tom. "How to Build a Comprehensive Awareness Program." Computer Security Journal 16, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 23-32.
    This is a thorough article on developing a security awareness program. An Information Security Assessment Questionaire is included and can be tailored to fit specific needs. Awareness is critical and should begin with each new employee at their orientation and continue yearly for every employee, no matter what their status in the organization.

    Computers -- Law and legislation -- United States.

  63. Grove, Gregory D. et al. "Cyber-Attacks and International Law ." Survival 42, no. 3 (Autumn, 2000): 89-103.
    The worldwide attack of the "I Love You" virus is discussed in paragraph one of this illuminating article. It sets the tone for the serious techno-legal implications of hackers and cyber warfare practitioners. The authors advocate both development of more robust passive information defenses with active defenses. They feel that legal, economic, diplomatic and military means need to be developed to actively "fight" the cyber hackers and warriors. These include in-kind responses to cyber attacks, allowable under the UN charter.

    Conflict management.

  64. Pruitt, Dean G. "The Tactics of Third-Party Intervention." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 245-254.
    This paper discusses the contribution of the third party in conflict resolution and how it can be applied to ethnic conflict.

  65. Psalidas-Perlmutter, Foulie. "The Interplay of Myths and Realities." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 237-244.
    The complexity of ethnic conflicts and the current methodologies of resolutions are studied. The author offers a list of programs designed to achieve ethnic conflict intervention.

  66. Zartman, William I. "Mediating Conflicts of Need, Greed, and Creed." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 255-266.
    The complex combinations of motives among need, greed, and creed in ethnic conflicts create challenges for mediators and underscore the importance of prevention over cure. The author cites the lessons learned in Kosovo, Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville, Sudan, and Sri Lanka to advise the world's policeman in devoting their energy to prevent ethnic conflicts before they erupt into violence.

    Contractors.

  67. Womack, John Shannon. "Contingency Contracting -- A Commander's Logistics Force Multiplier." Armor 109, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 35-37.
    Contractors are supporting US soldiers worldwide in both training and contingency operations. It is imperative for commanders and their staff to know how contingency contracting works, what role they play in getting contracting support and how to effectively use this support. This is an overview of contingency contracting for commanders and their staff of both brigades and task forces.

    Courts-martial and courts of inquiry -- United States.

  68. Helmreich, Jonathan E. "The Bombing of Zurich." Aerospace Power Journal 14, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 92-108.
    Available Online.
    Allied bombs were dropped in Switzerland during World War II beginning with sporadic incidents in 1943 and escalating until the accidental bombing of Zurich on 4 March 1945. The capital of this neutral country had 12 tons of incendiaries and 12.5 tons of high explosive bombs dropped by six American B-24's. For this act of "friendly fire," the US paid millions and brought court martial proceedings against the officers. Col. James (Jimmy) M. Stewart presided over the court martial. This is thought to be the first time that US soldiers were prosecuted for acts of friendly fire.

  69. Turner, Lisa L. "The Articles of War and the UCMJ." Aerospace Power Journal 14, no. 3 (Fall, 2000): 99-109.
    Available Online.
    This article is a reply to the article, The Bombing of Zurich, by Dr. Jonathan Helmreich in the Summer 2000 issue of Aerospace Power Journal. The article not only addresses the court martial of Lieutenants William R. Sincock and Theodore Q. Balides for the accidental bombing of Zurich, but it goes on to talk about the Articles of War that they were tried by. According to Maj. Turner during World War II, there was an average of one court martial for every eight US service members. President Truman signed the Uniform Code of Military Justice (U.C.M.J.) on 5 May 1950 as a result of the problems encountered during this war.

    Cults -- China.

  70. Madsen, Richard. "Understanding Falun Gong." Current History 99, no. 638 (September, 2000): 243-247.
    This article explains the "practice" of Falun Gong and elucidates its practices. It is viewed by the Chinese government as an evil cult; the author describes it as a "practice" based on five physical body movements. He details the Chinese government's actions against the Falun Gong and American mixed reactions towards the "practice.".

    Culture conflict.

  71. Pruitt, Dean G. "The Tactics of Third-Party Intervention." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 245-254.
    This paper discusses the contribution of the third party in conflict resolution and how it can be applied to ethnic conflict.

  72. Psalidas-Perlmutter, Foulie. "The Interplay of Myths and Realities." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 237-244.
    The complexity of ethnic conflicts and the current methodologies of resolutions are studied. The author offers a list of programs designed to achieve ethnic conflict intervention.

  73. Zartman, William I. "Mediating Conflicts of Need, Greed, and Creed." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 255-266.
    The complex combinations of motives among need, greed, and creed in ethnic conflicts create challenges for mediators and underscore the importance of prevention over cure. The author cites the lessons learned in Kosovo, Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville, Sudan, and Sri Lanka to advise the world's policeman in devoting their energy to prevent ethnic conflicts before they erupt into violence.

    Czech Republic -- Politics and government -- 1993-

  74. Sarvas, Stefan. "The NATO Enlargement Debate in the Media and Civil-Military Relations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia." European Security 9, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 113-126.
    In this article the author provides discussion on the North Atlantic Treaty Orgaization (NATO) enlargement debate within a framework of seven factors, including democracy, security, economics and technology. The author also addresses the impacts of those factors on civil-military relations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

    Defense contracts.

  75. Womack, John Shannon. "Contingency Contracting -- A Commander's Logistics Force Multiplier." Armor 109, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 35-37.
    Contractors are supporting US soldiers worldwide in both training and contingency operations. It is imperative for commanders and their staff to know how contingency contracting works, what role they play in getting contracting support and how to effectively use this support. This is an overview of contingency contracting for commanders and their staff of both brigades and task forces.

    Defense industries -- Europe.

  76. Weston, John P. "Defense Industry Challenges: A European Perspective." Aerospace America 38, no. 8 (August, 2000): 32-37.
    This article provides a review of the two-part consolidation process that has occured in Europe over the last 18 months. The first phase was a "bottom-up" consolidation and the second phase happened from the "top-down." Concluding defense industry issues addressed are e-business and transatlantic mergers.

    Defense industries -- United States.

  77. Kratz, Louis A. "Designing Our Logistics System for the Next 50 Years." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 9+.
    The US has enjoyed an advantage in defense logistics since the Revolutionary War, and this logistical advantage as a key force multiplier has continued through the Kosovo air campaign. Our allies rely on our superior military capability. Now we must transform our logistics system to meet today's needs and to keep our dominant position.

    Democracy -- Timor Timur (Indonesia)

  78. Chopra, Jarat. "The UN’s Kingdom of East Timor." Survival 42, no. 3 (Autumn, 2000): 27-39.
    Indonesia organized "Operation Clean Sweep" to, in effect, destroy the province of East Timor in the fall of 1999. The UN is exercising sovereign authority, for the first time, in the administration of the remnants of East Timor. The role of the UN Transitional Authority in East Timor (UNTAET) is thoroughly discussed. The author views the UN role as unsatisfactory and suggests alternatives.

    Deployment (Strategy)

  79. Womack, John Shannon. "Contingency Contracting -- A Commander's Logistics Force Multiplier." Armor 109, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 35-37.
    Contractors are supporting US soldiers worldwide in both training and contingency operations. It is imperative for commanders and their staff to know how contingency contracting works, what role they play in getting contracting support and how to effectively use this support. This is an overview of contingency contracting for commanders and their staff of both brigades and task forces.

    Distance education -- Latin America.

  80. Goodman, Joshua. "A U.S. Education is no Longer Just for Latin Americas Elite." Latin Trade (August, 2000)
    Education on the World Wide Web has found fertile ground in Latin America's estimated 130 million students ranging in ages from 6-24. Several e-schools, what they offer, and who they are affiliated with are discussed. With this form of distance education, high school diplomas and college degrees are available without ever having to leave home and attend stateside schools.

    Distance education -- United States.

  81. Frantz, Gary Lee and James W. King. "The Distance Education Learning Systems Model (DEL)." Educational Technology 40, no. 3 (May-June 2000 ): 33-40.
    In this article the authors present the Distance Education Learning (DEL) model to evaluate distance learning applications. By utilizing this model as a template, researchers can further improve distance education.

  82. Liefert, Jane. "Measurement and Testing in a Distance Learning Course." Journal of Instruction Delivery Systems 14, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 13-16.
    As distance learning is continually promoted in colleges and universities, teachers are faced with new challenges. The focus of this article examines the issues relevant to computer-based assessment and distance learning.

    Divided government -- United States.

  83. Thorson, Gregory R. and Tasina Nitzschke. "Politics and Policy in the 103rd and 104th Congresses: Evaluating the Effects of Divided Government in the Postreform Era." Congress & the Presidency 27, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 1-14.
    The authors examine the significant legislation passed during the 103rd and the 104th Congresses to determine if divided government affects the legislative process. In conclusion the authors' research shows that divided does influence the content of legislation passed, but not the amount of legislation.

    Drug traffic -- Colombia.

  84. Pardo, Rafael. "Colombia's Two-Front War." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 64-73.
    Colombia needs international help to combat its problems with drugs and guerrillas. According to the author with proper planning and assistance from both the US and other foreign powers, Colombia will begin to address its many problems with violence, gun running, and the spread of drugs. One beginning would be for the US to change the current drug policy to one that is multilateral long-term policy focusing on shared goals, sensible compromises and increased cooperation with all concerned parties.

    Economic development.

  85. Megginson, William and Stephen J. Kay. "Privatization." Foreign Policy , no. 118 (Spring, 2000): 14-27.
    The prevalence of privatization programs in developing and developed economies during the last two decades has generated more than $1 trillion in government revenues. The pros and cons of privatization and the proper way to transfer state companies to private hands to benefit average citizens are examined.

    Economic indicators -- Latin America.

  86. "The Americas and Argentina." Credit Control 21, no. 1/2 (2000): 23-26.
    The Free-Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) covers our hemisphere from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego. These talks, which hopefully will strengthen trade ties, are due to be completed in 2005. Progress is slow, though, since many Latin American countries are either in turmoil or not sure that the FTAA is the best course for them to use to encourage trade relations.

    Educational leadership.

  87. Meister, Jeanne C. "The CEO-Driven Learning Culture." Training & Development Journal 54, no. 6 (June, 2000): 52-58.
    In the 21st century CEO's are investing in education as a critical element of their leadership agenda. This article contains an excerpt from the forthcoming book, Learning from the CEO: How Chief Executives Shape Corporate Education by Jeanne C. Meister.

    Educational technology -- United States.

  88. Frantz, Gary Lee and James W. King. "The Distance Education Learning Systems Model (DEL)." Educational Technology 40, no. 3 (May-June 2000 ): 33-40.
    In this article the authors present the Distance Education Learning (DEL) model to evaluate distance learning applications. By utilizing this model as a template, researchers can further improve distance education.

  89. Liefert, Jane. "Measurement and Testing in a Distance Learning Course." Journal of Instruction Delivery Systems 14, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 13-16.
    As distance learning is continually promoted in colleges and universities, teachers are faced with new challenges. The focus of this article examines the issues relevant to computer-based assessment and distance learning.

    Elections -- China.

  90. Chi, Yingying. "China's Rural Challenge." Harvard International Review 22, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 34-37.
    An assessment of China's village elections, which allows villagers to elect local officials. This system of "grass roots" democracy was established with the 1987 Organic Law of the Village Committee.

    Electronic books.

  91. Hawkins, Donald T. "Electronic Books: A Major Publishing Revolution." Online 24, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 14-28.
    Part 1of 2.
    Part 1 provides an easy-to-understand overview of a fast moving technology. Beginning with a brief history of publishing, Hawkins defines ebooks, discusses the pros and cons of ebooks, and describes current technologies used to produce and read ebooks. Copyright issues, technical standards, and sources of ebooks also presented.

  92. ______. "Electronic Books: A Major Publishing Revolution--part 2: The Marketplace." Online 24, no. 5 (September/October 2000 ): 18-36.
    Part 2 of 2.
    The ebook marketplace, developers of players/readers, publishers, web sources, etc. are discussed in the last part of this series. Tables give vendor names (with web sites and product information) for self-publishing, software, readers, downloadable titles, web site access, and some system integrators focused on the ebook market.

  93. Mayor, Taylor. "The Next Chapter." CIO 13, no. 23 (September 15, 2000): 114-126.
    Available Online.
    Has Stephen King caused Gutenberg to roll over in his grave? This article examines the dynamic changes in the publishing industry with the advent of E-books: digital versions of books that can be downloaded to handheld readers. E-books may capture 10% of the publishing market by 2005. The author urges publishers to work with their CIO’s to revamp, rework, re-engineer, and rethink their operations to compete successfully in the technological whirlwind of the E-book revolution.

    Electronic commerce.

  94. Andel, Tom. "Material Handling Drives Auto Excellence." Material Handling Management 55, no. 7 (July, 2000): 46-47.
    The logistics of moving materials throughout the automotive industry is complex and costly. This article highlights changes the Big 3 U.S. automakers are making. These include increased use of e-commerce, cooperative efforts with competitors and increased coordination within a company. Expected results include higher quality products and cost-reductions.

  95. Bingi, Prasad et al. "The Challenges Facing Global E-Commerce." Information Systems Management 17, no. 4 (Fall, 2000): 26-34.
    The growth of the Internet and E-commerce has been phenomenal; the article estimates that by 2004, over one billion people will have web access. E-commerce lacks any established business models; E-companies have completely shaken the traditional business models. They list the four main challenges in this new industry and their subsets: Economic, Social, Technical, and Legal. E-commerce must address these issues to negotiate the uncharted waters ahead.

  96. Brack, Ken. "Your E-Options." Industrial Distribution 89, no. 7 (July, 2000): 54-58.
    Electronic commerce, E-business, dot-com firms - all are terms used to describe business via the Internet. Some of the best options on how to conduct Internet business are discussed, along with tips on how to evaluate them.

  97. Read, Jennifer. "Supply Chain Managers Drowning." Eletronic News 46, no. 31 (July 31, 2000): 48+.
    Supply chain usage is being changed by e-commerce. This new technology, brought about by the Internet, has made supply chain management an ongoing, evolving process. The Stanford Global Supply Chain Mangement Forum is a proven leading research organization for companies to utilize when sharing knowledge and information.

  98. Roberts, Michael. "The Dawn of Next-Generation Digital Supply Chains." Chemical Week Internet Focus 2000 (July 26, 2000): S8-S10.
    The Internet has tranformed management techniques for traditional supply chains. The article explains implementation of e-supply chain solutions have changed and improved several industries.

  99. ______. "Using E-Manufacturing to Drive Supply Chain Optimization." Chemical Week Internet Focus 2000 (July 26, 2000): S20-S21.
    Automation is nothing new to chemical manufacturing companies. With the advent of e-commerce, they will be expanding and heightening this automation by completely integrating their production units into various key supply chain processes. E-commerce and the manufacturing supply chain are discussed.

    Electronic commerce -- Forecasting.

  100. Mack, Tim. "Electronic Marketing: What You Can Expect." Futurist 34, no. 2 (March/April 2000): 40-44.
    This article discusses future interactivity through multiple technologies and devices and how it will affect interaction between consumers and marketers. After a brief discussion of the significance of the World Wide Web for e-commerce, the author assesses the potential of Internet marketing and electronic mail marketing systems.

    Employees -- Training of.

  101. Lewis, Nancy J. and Peter Orton. "The Five Attributes of Innovative E-Learning." Training & Development Journal 54, no. 6 (June, 2000): 47-51.
    IBM Mangement Development introduced an innovative online learning program for new IBM managers. In this article the author discusses five attributes of e-learning that should be considered when promoting innovative technologies.

    Energy policy -- Asia.

  102. Manning, Robert. "The Asian Energy Predicament." Survival 42, no. 3 (Autumn, 2000): 73-88.
    One of the biggest, and least discussed, problems facing Asia is its enormous demand for energy, most of it coming from the Middle East. The author discusses the huge growth in population and in industry in Asia, particularly China and India, and the consequent oil demand increase. He calls the situation "the Asian-Middle East Energy Nexus.".

    Ethnic relations.

  103. Pruitt, Dean G. "The Tactics of Third-Party Intervention." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 245-254.
    This paper discusses the contribution of the third party in conflict resolution and how it can be applied to ethnic conflict.

  104. Psalidas-Perlmutter, Foulie. "The Interplay of Myths and Realities." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 237-244.
    The complexity of ethnic conflicts and the current methodologies of resolutions are studied. The author offers a list of programs designed to achieve ethnic conflict intervention.

  105. Zartman, William I. "Mediating Conflicts of Need, Greed, and Creed." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 255-266.
    The complex combinations of motives among need, greed, and creed in ethnic conflicts create challenges for mediators and underscore the importance of prevention over cure. The author cites the lessons learned in Kosovo, Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville, Sudan, and Sri Lanka to advise the world's policeman in devoting their energy to prevent ethnic conflicts before they erupt into violence.

    Europe -- Defenses.

  106. Parmentier, Guillaume. "Redressing NATO's Imbalances." Survival 42, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 96-112.
    The Kosovo war uncovered flaws in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) command structure and planning capabilities. In this article the author provides an analysis of those flaws, and proposes a balance between the political and military functions of NATO. This balance will enable NATO to become a more multilateral organization, and will also assist in making a stronger European defense.

  107. Weston, John P. "Defense Industry Challenges: A European Perspective." Aerospace America 38, no. 8 (August, 2000): 32-37.
    This article provides a review of the two-part consolidation process that has occured in Europe over the last 18 months. The first phase was a "bottom-up" consolidation and the second phase happened from the "top-down." Concluding defense industry issues addressed are e-business and transatlantic mergers.

    European Union.

  108. Wallace, William. "From the Atlantic to the Bug, from the Arctic to the Tigris? The Transformation of the EU and NATO." International Affairs 76, no. 3 (July, 2000): 475-493.
    The enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) will transform the economic and political framework of the European region for years to come. In this article the author poses several questions that must be addressed to achieve a successful enlargement process.

    Facility management.

  109. Thrower, Mike and Steve Caddell. "The Integrated Supply Network." British Journal of Administrative Management , no. 21 (July/August 2000): 20-21.
    This article begins with a history of the integrated supply network, continues with the traditional approach to facilities mangement and offers a better way to approach facilities mangement. It proposes that to have a successful service delivery, it is vital to effectively manage the facilities management supply chain.

    Financial crises.

  110. Higgott, Richard and Nicola Phillips. "Challenging Triumphalism and Convergence: The Limits of Global Liberalization in Asia and Latin America." Review of International Studies 26, no. 3 (July, 2000): 359-379.
    First of 3 articles on the topic "The Asia-Pacific Crisis".
    After focusing on the Asian and Latin American responses to the financial crisis of the late 1990s, national level responses to international policy reform are discussed, with particular reference to interactions between national governments and international financial institutions (IFIs). The authors also discuss longer term Asian and Latin American options in the context of the debate over prospects for continued global economic liberalization versus some form of regulation of international capital markets.

  111. Pei, Minxin and Ariel David Adesnik. "Why Recessions Don't Start Revolutions." Foreign Policy , no. 118 (Spring, 2000): 138-151.
    This article examines the political effects of economic and financial crises in Asia and Latin America for the past fifty years. The nature of economic crisis and explanations of political stability despite economic crisis is discussed. Comprehensive macroeconomic data for countries around the world can be found in the World Bank's World Development Indicators, available through the bank's Web site.

    Financial crises -- Asia.

  112. Martin, N. Baily et al. "The Color of Hot Money." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 2 (March/April 2000): 80-98.
    After a brief history of the Asian financial crisis, the author explains short-term foreign banking and hedge fund investment strategies. It is widely believed that hedge funds caused the crisis, but the author points to how 'hot money' that rushed in and out of emerging markets from irresponsible banks is to blame for destabilizing economies. Specific financial problems of Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, Indonesia and the Philippines are addressed.

    Free trade.

  113. "The Americas and Argentina." Credit Control 21, no. 1/2 (2000): 23-26.
    The Free-Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) covers our hemisphere from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego. These talks, which hopefully will strengthen trade ties, are due to be completed in 2005. Progress is slow, though, since many Latin American countries are either in turmoil or not sure that the FTAA is the best course for them to use to encourage trade relations.

    Freedom of Association -- China.

  114. Madsen, Richard. "Understanding Falun Gong." Current History 99, no. 638 (September, 2000): 243-247.
    This article explains the "practice" of Falun Gong and elucidates its practices. It is viewed by the Chinese government as an evil cult; the author describes it as a "practice" based on five physical body movements. He details the Chinese government's actions against the Falun Gong and American mixed reactions towards the "practice.".

    Friendly fire (Military science) -- Switzerland.

  115. Helmreich, Jonathan E. "The Bombing of Zurich." Aerospace Power Journal 14, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 92-108.
    Available Online.
    Allied bombs were dropped in Switzerland during World War II beginning with sporadic incidents in 1943 and escalating until the accidental bombing of Zurich on 4 March 1945. The capital of this neutral country had 12 tons of incendiaries and 12.5 tons of high explosive bombs dropped by six American B-24's. For this act of "friendly fire," the US paid millions and brought court martial proceedings against the officers. Col. James (Jimmy) M. Stewart presided over the court martial. This is thought to be the first time that US soldiers were prosecuted for acts of friendly fire.

  116. Turner, Lisa L. "The Articles of War and the UCMJ." Aerospace Power Journal 14, no. 3 (Fall, 2000): 99-109.
    Available Online.
    This article is a reply to the article, The Bombing of Zurich, by Dr. Jonathan Helmreich in the Summer 2000 issue of Aerospace Power Journal. The article not only addresses the court martial of Lieutenants William R. Sincock and Theodore Q. Balides for the accidental bombing of Zurich, but it goes on to talk about the Articles of War that they were tried by. According to Maj. Turner during World War II, there was an average of one court martial for every eight US service members. President Truman signed the Uniform Code of Military Justice (U.C.M.J.) on 5 May 1950 as a result of the problems encountered during this war.

    Geopolitics.

  117. Fettweis, Christopher J. "Sir Halford Mackinder, Geopolitics, and Policymaking in the 21st Century." Parameters 30, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 58-71.
    As the only remaining "superpower" in the world, the United States must evolve its ideas of power and take its place to help shape the future of the world. Political theory as it pertains to policy making on a global scale is discussed.

  118. Mayhew, H. "Halford Mackinder's 'New' Political Geography and Geographical Tradition." Political Geography 19, no. 16 (August, 2000): 771-791.
    An examination of the contributions of Halford Mackinder and the study of geopolitics in the context of his times. By briefly looking at traditional geography, as it existed in his day, one can assess the impact of MacKinder's "new" geography.

    Germany -- Foreign relations -- 1990-

  119. Maull, Hanns W. "Germany and the Use of Force: Still a 'Civilian Power'?" Survival 42, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 56-80.
    Since 1991, Germany's security posture has undergone some significant changes. In this article the author discusses those changes and addresses the implications for European defense.

    Globalization.

  120. Dartnell, Michael. "A Legal Inter-Network for Terrorism: Issues of Globalization, Fragmentation and Legitimacy." Terrorism & Political Violence 11, no. 4 (Winter, 1999): 197-208.
    Terrorism is an area in which the contradictions of the present global system (lack of enforcement and policy implementation) are obvious. This article discusses the efforts required over the next 5 years to develop effective international legal responses to terrorism.

  121. Higgott, Richard and Nicola Phillips. "Challenging Triumphalism and Convergence: The Limits of Global Liberalization in Asia and Latin America." Review of International Studies 26, no. 3 (July, 2000): 359-379.
    First of 3 articles on the topic "The Asia-Pacific Crisis".
    After focusing on the Asian and Latin American responses to the financial crisis of the late 1990s, national level responses to international policy reform are discussed, with particular reference to interactions between national governments and international financial institutions (IFIs). The authors also discuss longer term Asian and Latin American options in the context of the debate over prospects for continued global economic liberalization versus some form of regulation of international capital markets.

    Government business enterprises.

  122. Megginson, William and Stephen J. Kay. "Privatization." Foreign Policy , no. 118 (Spring, 2000): 14-27.
    The prevalence of privatization programs in developing and developed economies during the last two decades has generated more than $1 trillion in government revenues. The pros and cons of privatization and the proper way to transfer state companies to private hands to benefit average citizens are examined.

    Government spending policy -- United States.

  123. Schick, Allen. ""A Surplus, If We Can Keep It": How the Federal Budget Surplus Happened." Brookings Review 18, no. 1 (Winter, 2000): 36-39.
    How does a 1998-projected 300+ billion-dollar deficit transform into a 100 billion-dollar surplus that is expected to quadruple in the decade ahead? The author examines the economic indicators of the 1980s and 1990s to explain how the federal budget deficit was converted into surplus.

    Helicopters -- Europe.

  124. Honeck, Heinz. "Logistics Support Analysis (LSA) for the NATO Helicopter 90." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 27+.
    Beginning in 1990 with the signing of a design and development agreement by France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands, studies commenced on designing and producing a medium-sized helicopter that would be effective in all three services. Thanks to the logistics support analysis for the NATO helicopter 90, it should be ready by mid 2001.

    Hussein, Saddam, 1937-

  125. Bengio, Ofra. "How Does Saddam Hold On?" Foreign Affairs 79, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 90-103.
    Saddam Hussein's longevity in power has been a target for US continuing debate. This article discusses Hussein's personality, his enemies, his mastery of Iraq's military ruling Baath Party, and how he solicits loyalty from his supporters.

    Hydrogen -- Experiments.

  126. Nellis, William J. "Making Metallic Hydrogen." Scientific American 282, no. 5 (May, 2000): 84-90.
    Simulating extreme conditions like the core of Jupiter, this article reports the efforts of scientists to compress liquid hydrogen into a metallic molecule.

    India -- Foreign relations -- Pakistan.

  127. Cloughley, Brian. "Confrontation in Kashmir." Army Quarterly & Defence Journal 129, no. 3 (July, 1999): 283-289.
    Both India and Pakistan have rudimentary nuclear capability and both want to call Kashmir part of their country. This article clearly tells the complicated history and current state of affairs in the disputed Kashmir. A plebiscite has never been held, so the world really does not know which way the people of the territory lean. The author believes UN intervention may be required to settle the over-50 year-old quarrel over Kashmir.

    Indonesia -- Politics and government.

  128. Ravich, Samantha F. "Eyeing Indonesia Through the Lens of Aceh." Washington Quarterly 23, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 7-20.
    What are Indonesia's prospects as the country strives to regain stability after the political turmoil and the downfall of the Suharto regime. The situation in the province of Aceh is potentially volatile. Like East Timor before, Aceh is also seeking autonomy.

    Industrial mobilization -- United States.

  129. Sols, Alberto. "Logistics and Industrial Co-operation (Offset): The Perfect Link." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 30+.
    Reviewed are five of the principal possibilities found in the logistics field that are needed for industrial co-operation commitments. They are suppy of spares, maintenance, training and technical assistance, documentation, and tools and test equipment.

    Industries -- Information services.

  130. Roberts, Michael. "The Dawn of Next-Generation Digital Supply Chains." Chemical Week Internet Focus 2000 (July 26, 2000): S8-S10.
    The Internet has tranformed management techniques for traditional supply chains. The article explains implementation of e-supply chain solutions have changed and improved several industries.

  131. ______. "Using E-Manufacturing to Drive Supply Chain Optimization." Chemical Week Internet Focus 2000 (July 26, 2000): S20-S21.
    Automation is nothing new to chemical manufacturing companies. With the advent of e-commerce, they will be expanding and heightening this automation by completely integrating their production units into various key supply chain processes. E-commerce and the manufacturing supply chain are discussed.

    Industry and education -- United States.

  132. Meister, Jeanne C. "The CEO-Driven Learning Culture." Training & Development Journal 54, no. 6 (June, 2000): 52-58.
    In the 21st century CEO's are investing in education as a critical element of their leadership agenda. This article contains an excerpt from the forthcoming book, Learning from the CEO: How Chief Executives Shape Corporate Education by Jeanne C. Meister.

    Inflation (Finance) -- United States.

  133. Richter, Stephan-Gotz. "The Immigration Safety Valve." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 2 (March/April 2000): 13-16.
    Those critics who argue for tighter immigration laws should realize that less immigration means fewer workers and higher inflation. This article explains how the US labor market has impacted the Federal Reserve's outlook on inflation.

    Information networks -- Security measures.

  134. Grove, Gregory D. et al. "Cyber-Attacks and International Law ." Survival 42, no. 3 (Autumn, 2000): 89-103.
    The worldwide attack of the "I Love You" virus is discussed in paragraph one of this illuminating article. It sets the tone for the serious techno-legal implications of hackers and cyber warfare practitioners. The authors advocate both development of more robust passive information defenses with active defenses. They feel that legal, economic, diplomatic and military means need to be developed to actively "fight" the cyber hackers and warriors. These include in-kind responses to cyber attacks, allowable under the UN charter.

    Information technology -- Economic aspects -- United States.

  135. Reynolds, Alan. "Thank You New Technology." American Enterprise 11, no. 2 (March, 2000): 28-29.
    This article discusses how the economic expansion in the US had been driven by big business's appetite for high technology.

    Information warfare.

  136. Critchlow, Robert D. "Whom the Gods Would Destroy: An Information Warfare Alternative for Deterrence and Compellence." Naval War College Review 53, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 21-37.
    The author defines and describes the variations in what is generally called information warfare (IW). He intertwines that type warfare with weapons of mass description that are proliferating, especially in rogue nations, sometimes called NASTIS: Nuclear/biological/chemical/Arming Sponsors of Terrorism and Intervention. IW can be used for rapid interdiction to punish an enemy on its homeland and to target enemy decision-making sites. Would an Information Corps coequal with the other services be a solution?

  137. Grove, Gregory D. et al. "Cyber-Attacks and International Law ." Survival 42, no. 3 (Autumn, 2000): 89-103.
    The worldwide attack of the "I Love You" virus is discussed in paragraph one of this illuminating article. It sets the tone for the serious techno-legal implications of hackers and cyber warfare practitioners. The authors advocate both development of more robust passive information defenses with active defenses. They feel that legal, economic, diplomatic and military means need to be developed to actively "fight" the cyber hackers and warriors. These include in-kind responses to cyber attacks, allowable under the UN charter.

  138. Mayo, Dick. "From the Sea to Cyberspace." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 126, no. 10 (October, 2000): 44-48.
    The author, a Rear Admiral, discusses Navy uses of information technology and the future prospects in the Navy for this technology. The Navy-Marine Corps Intranet is due in 2001. Instant messaging is becoming available ship-to-ship in some battle groups. He stresses interoperability with partners.

    Information warfare -- United States.

  139. Schwartau, Winn. "Asymmetrical Adversaries." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 197-202.
    Information Warfare (IW) or "cyber-war" is a prominent type of asymmetrical strategy that is likely to emerge in the near future. The author examines the fundamentals of IW and analyzes how they become a prominent type of asymmetric strategy that may emerge in the near future. He also advises US authorities how to prepare in countering the asymmetrical threats that may face our nation.

    Insurgency -- Algeria.

  140. Miller, William H. "Insurgency Theory and the Conflict in Algeria: A Theoretical Analysis." Terrorism & Political Violence 12, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 60-78.
    The government of the former French colony of Algeria continues to stand despite a vicious cycle of violent terrorist acts over the past decade. Miller examines the various types of insurgency theories: Urban Insurrection, Rural Guerrilla Warfare, Urban Terror and Focoism. The Algerian insurgency has failed to coalesce and has degenerated into a purposeless, though continuing, violent movement.

    Insurgency -- Jammu and Kashmir (India)

  141. Cloughley, Brian. "Confrontation in Kashmir." Army Quarterly & Defence Journal 129, no. 3 (July, 1999): 283-289.
    Both India and Pakistan have rudimentary nuclear capability and both want to call Kashmir part of their country. This article clearly tells the complicated history and current state of affairs in the disputed Kashmir. A plebiscite has never been held, so the world really does not know which way the people of the territory lean. The author believes UN intervention may be required to settle the over-50 year-old quarrel over Kashmir.

    Integrated logistics support.

  142. Krohn, Charles A. "Striving for Efficiency, U.S. Army Plans to Revamp Logistics Effort." National Defense 85, no. 560 (July, 2000): 14+.
    Joint logistics was the focus at the first annual Force Projection Symposium in Hampton, VA, and was attended by several hundred contractors. The theme was "Future Force Projection - Teaming with Industry - Moving the Armed Forces anywhere on the Globe.".

    Intelligence service -- United States.

  143. Richelson, Jeffrey. "Examining of US Intelligence Review." Jane's Intelligence Review 12, no. 9 (September, 2000): 41-44.
    The author tells of some recent lapses in US intelligence procedures, e.g., not knowing of Indian nuclear tests, the expulsion of CIA operatives in France and so forth. Are these problems symptomatic of basic problems within the intel agencies or isolated occurrences? He concludes with possible remedies for the intelligence failures.

    International business enterprises.

  144. Petersen, Kenneth J. et al. "An Empirical Investigation of Global Sourcing Strategy Effectiveness." Journal of Supply Chain Mangement 36, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 29-38.
    This article discusses how the success of a business in global competition is directly related to how well they plan their business strategy. Includes various tables.

    International economic relations -- Moral and ethical aspects.

  145. Stiglitz, Joseph. "The Insider: What I learned at the World Economic Crisis." New Republic 222, no. 16/17 (April 17/24, 2000): 56-60.
    The author discusses his experience as chief economist at the World Bank, and offers an opinion of the its widespread failure.

    International law -- United States.

  146. Chomsky, Noam. "In a League of Its Own." Harvard International Review 22, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 68-71.
    Noam Chomsky discusses propagandistic and literal uses of the term 'rogue states' that the US ascribes to its enemies who regard themselves as not bounded by international norms.

    International Monetary Fund -- Evaluation.

  147. Stiglitz, Joseph. "The Insider: What I learned at the World Economic Crisis." New Republic 222, no. 16/17 (April 17/24, 2000): 56-60.
    The author discusses his experience as chief economist at the World Bank, and offers an opinion of the its widespread failure.

    International relations.

  148. Falkenrath, Richard. "Weapons of Mass Reaction." Harvard International Review 22, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 52-55.
    The author analyzes the threats posed by 'rogue states' that allegedly possess weapons of mass destruction (WMD). States that fall into this category include Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Libya, Syria, Sudan, Afghanistan, Cuba, and Serbia. Suspected status of key WMD and missile programs of each of these countries is examined.

  149. Fettweis, Christopher J. "Sir Halford Mackinder, Geopolitics, and Policymaking in the 21st Century." Parameters 30, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 58-71.
    As the only remaining "superpower" in the world, the United States must evolve its ideas of power and take its place to help shape the future of the world. Political theory as it pertains to policy making on a global scale is discussed.

    International relations -- United States.

  150. Daalder, Ivo H. et al. "Deploying NMD: Not Whether, But How." Survival 42, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 6-28.
    The author discusses the debate concerning the US building a national missile defense (NMD) system within the next decade. He points out that while the NMD system could make the US somewhat more secure in case of a small-scale attack, it could also make the US substantially less secure if steps are not taken to accommodate Russia's strategic concerns.

    International trade.

  151. "The Americas and Argentina." Credit Control 21, no. 1/2 (2000): 23-26.
    The Free-Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) covers our hemisphere from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego. These talks, which hopefully will strengthen trade ties, are due to be completed in 2005. Progress is slow, though, since many Latin American countries are either in turmoil or not sure that the FTAA is the best course for them to use to encourage trade relations.

    International trade -- Economic aspects -- United States.

  152. Litan, Robert E. "The 'Globalization' Challenge." Brookings Review 18, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 35-37.
    The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and The World Trade Organization (WTO), both of which the United States (US) helped to create and lead, has recently come under attack from many prominent and influential individuals. They are urging the US to help shape the future of both organizations and the course of the global economy. Although critics argue that a new economic unilateralism must be adopted, they disagree over how it should be done. Their arguments on how the IMF and the WTO can best promote stability and growth to underdeveloped countries are examined.

    Internet (Computer network)

  153. Bingi, Prasad et al. "The Challenges Facing Global E-Commerce." Information Systems Management 17, no. 4 (Fall, 2000): 26-34.
    The growth of the Internet and E-commerce has been phenomenal; the article estimates that by 2004, over one billion people will have web access. E-commerce lacks any established business models; E-companies have completely shaken the traditional business models. They list the four main challenges in this new industry and their subsets: Economic, Social, Technical, and Legal. E-commerce must address these issues to negotiate the uncharted waters ahead.

    Internet (Computer network) in education.

  154. Goodman, Joshua. "A U.S. Education is no Longer Just for Latin Americas Elite." Latin Trade (August, 2000)
    Education on the World Wide Web has found fertile ground in Latin America's estimated 130 million students ranging in ages from 6-24. Several e-schools, what they offer, and who they are affiliated with are discussed. With this form of distance education, high school diplomas and college degrees are available without ever having to leave home and attend stateside schools.

    Internet marketing.

  155. Mack, Tim. "Electronic Marketing: What You Can Expect." Futurist 34, no. 2 (March/April 2000): 40-44.
    This article discusses future interactivity through multiple technologies and devices and how it will affect interaction between consumers and marketers. After a brief discussion of the significance of the World Wide Web for e-commerce, the author assesses the potential of Internet marketing and electronic mail marketing systems.

    Investments.

  156. Robinson, Jim. "50 Top Foreign Companies in Mexico." Business Mexico 10, no. 7 (July, 2000): 24-34.
    Mexico is considered to be a good country for business investments. Mexico now occupies the number two trading partner spot for the United States and it is predicted that it will overtake Canada for the number one spot within ten years. NAFTA played an important part in enabling Mexico to attract major companies. A table ranks the companies, giving their country of origin, sector, total sales, number of employees and website.

  157. ______. "Top 100 Mexican Companies." Business Mexico 10, no. 6 (June, 2000): 42-54.
    Table 1 ranks the top 100 private Mexican companies using financial statements and Bolsa reports. Assets, sales, operating profit, market capitalization and the number of employees were considered the key ranking indicators. Table 2 has the top 10 companies in percentage increase in assets, sales and operating profit categoreis. Table 3 ranks the companies who finished within the top 10 in the above 5 key categories. The companies earn a star each time they finish in a top ten category and are ranked accordingly.

    Iran -- Foreign relations -- United States.

  158. Smith, Patrick. "The Indigenous and the Imported: Khatami's Iran." Washington Quarterly 23, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 35-54.
    The author describes Iran's revolution in its historical context in an effort to help America to understand and recognize the transformation in Iranian consciousness taking place today. He suggests that the US is behind the curve for engaging Iran in a constructive relationship.

    Iraq -- Politics and government -- 1991-

  159. Bengio, Ofra. "How Does Saddam Hold On?" Foreign Affairs 79, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 90-103.
    Saddam Hussein's longevity in power has been a target for US continuing debate. This article discusses Hussein's personality, his enemies, his mastery of Iraq's military ruling Baath Party, and how he solicits loyalty from his supporters.

    Iraq -- Sanctions.

  160. Talmadge, Caitlin. "Systemic Misery." Harvard International Review 22, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 2000): 40-43.
    This article examines the current sanctions against Iraq, and explains what Iraq continues to demand from the United Nations.

    Islam and politics -- Middle East.

  161. Kepel, Gilles. "Islamism Reconsidered: A Running Dialogue with Modernity." Harvard International Review 22, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 22-27.
    The rise of Islamism in the Middle East during the early 1970s and its propagation across the Muslim world are being studied. The author examines the history of Islamism as a political movement, and explores its impact on cultural and social norms. Lastly, the probable transition from militant Islamism to an Islamic democracy or post-Islamism is discussed.

    Islamic fundamentalism -- Asia, Central.

  162. Howard, Shawn A. "The Afghan Connection: Islamic Extremism in Central Asia." National Strategic Studies Quarterly 6, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 25-54.
    In Central Asia, where US interests and investments have matured considerably since the end of the Cold War, instability is widespread. The author examines Central Asia's relationship with its neighbors, and in particular, the role of Afghanistan in the spread of Islamic fundamentalism. He concludes with recommendations for a mid-to long-term strategy designed to stabilize the region and advance US interests.

    Israel -- Politics and government. -- 1993-

  163. Sa'di, Ahmad H. "Israel as Ethnic Democracy: What are the Implications for the Palestinian Minority?" Arab Studies Quarterly 22, no. 1 (Winter, 2000): 25-37.
    Israel, at this time of the emergence of a Palestinian state, remains a country deeply divided on majority/minority lines. Israel views itself as both democratic and Jewish, thus creating the problem of the citizenship of non-Jewish, mainly Palestinian residents. The author examines the sociological model for the Israeli state as offered by Sammy Smooha, a Haifa University sociologist.

    Jammu and Kashmir (India) -- Politics and government.

  164. Cloughley, Brian. "Confrontation in Kashmir." Army Quarterly & Defence Journal 129, no. 3 (July, 1999): 283-289.
    Both India and Pakistan have rudimentary nuclear capability and both want to call Kashmir part of their country. This article clearly tells the complicated history and current state of affairs in the disputed Kashmir. A plebiscite has never been held, so the world really does not know which way the people of the territory lean. The author believes UN intervention may be required to settle the over-50 year-old quarrel over Kashmir.

    Japan -- Economic policy -- 1989-

  165. Mulgan, Aurelia George. "Japan: A Setting Sun?" Foreign Affairs 79, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 40-52.
    The Japanese government launched several reform programs in the wake of the Asian Financial Crisis. These programs enjoyed moderate success initially, but now the reform movement is being stymied by political infighting.

    Kenya -- Politics and government -- 1978-

  166. Klopp, Jacqueline M. "Pilfering the Public: The Problem of Land Grabbing in Contemporary Kenya." Africa Today 47, no. 1 (Winter, 2000): 6-26.
    The author tells of widespread corruption in Kenya, particularly the taking of land and real estate by private, usually well-connected individuals. He postures that this practice is being ignored by other world leaders and scholars, who often contend that this activity is par for the course or that African nations have no concept of the "public domain." He uses land grabbing examples such as the Karura Forest (formerly a "national" forest) and the Westlands Market.

    Kosovo (Serbia) -- History -- Civil War, 1998-

  167. Freedman, Lawrence. "Victims and Victors: Reflections on the Kosovo War." Review of International Studies 26, no. 3 (July, 2000): 335-358.
    Freedman discusses the Kosovo War in tems of the CNN effect, implications of employing "the strategy of the victim" and the international and NATO responses. He identifies many dangers in this example of Western response to other people's quarrels.

    Labor market -- United States.

  168. Richter, Stephan-Gotz. "The Immigration Safety Valve." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 2 (March/April 2000): 13-16.
    Those critics who argue for tighter immigration laws should realize that less immigration means fewer workers and higher inflation. This article explains how the US labor market has impacted the Federal Reserve's outlook on inflation.

    Land use -- Kenya.

  169. Klopp, Jacqueline M. "Pilfering the Public: The Problem of Land Grabbing in Contemporary Kenya." Africa Today 47, no. 1 (Winter, 2000): 6-26.
    The author tells of widespread corruption in Kenya, particularly the taking of land and real estate by private, usually well-connected individuals. He postures that this practice is being ignored by other world leaders and scholars, who often contend that this activity is par for the course or that African nations have no concept of the "public domain." He uses land grabbing examples such as the Karura Forest (formerly a "national" forest) and the Westlands Market.

    Latin America.

  170. "Business Travel Guide to the Americas." Latin Trade Supplement to Latin Trade 5th Annual Edition (August, 2000)
    Entire issue.
    This 5th annual edition is an excellent guide to countries in Central America, South America, the Dominican Republic and Miami. In addition to general information, up-to-date information is available on airport/airlines, car rentals, visitor information services, embassies/consulates, economic development, business groups, government liaisons, travel agencies and hotels - and MORE. When available, telephone and fax numbers, e-mail addresses and web sites are given. Information is also available on selected cities.

  171. Pratt, Timothy. "Dealing with Disaster." GeoWorld 13, no. 7 (July, 2000): 46-48.
    Bogota, Colombia, hosted a meeting this past February attended by 22 countries from Latin America and the Caribbean. They are forming the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) to create a data clearinghouse of information that will help in preparing for natural disasters. This will be a tremendous task for countries that have no programs for the gathering of spatial data.

    Latin America -- Economic conditions -- 1982-

  172. "The Americas and Argentina." Credit Control 21, no. 1/2 (2000): 23-26.
    The Free-Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) covers our hemisphere from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego. These talks, which hopefully will strengthen trade ties, are due to be completed in 2005. Progress is slow, though, since many Latin American countries are either in turmoil or not sure that the FTAA is the best course for them to use to encourage trade relations.

    Leadership.

  173. Lipman-Blumen, Jean. "The Age of Connective Leadership." Leader to Leader (Summer, 2000): 39-45.
    In this article the author provides six leadership elements that are necessary for leaders in an era characterized by diversity and interdependence. Elements include ethical political savvy, accountability, and leadership through expectation. Flexible leadership will be the key to constructively addressing the challenges of diversity and interdependence.

    Liquid hydrogen.

  174. Nellis, William J. "Making Metallic Hydrogen." Scientific American 282, no. 5 (May, 2000): 84-90.
    Simulating extreme conditions like the core of Jupiter, this article reports the efforts of scientists to compress liquid hydrogen into a metallic molecule.

    Logistics.

  175. Erwin, Sandra I. "Rising Costs Prompt Changes in Marine Aviation Logistics." National Defense 85, no. 561 (August, 2000): 25+.
    The Marines have implemented preventive maintenance in order to extend the life of their older (23-30 years) helicopters. In order to better manage their spare parts, the Marines are going directly to the vendors rather than going through government middlemen agencies. They are also considering using more contractors for aircraft support. Some terms to look for when talking about Marine aircraft support are RCM (reliability-centered maintenance), IMC program (integrated maintenance concept), and JTAV (joint total asset visibility).

  176. Honeck, Heinz. "Logistics Support Analysis (LSA) for the NATO Helicopter 90." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 27+.
    Beginning in 1990 with the signing of a design and development agreement by France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands, studies commenced on designing and producing a medium-sized helicopter that would be effective in all three services. Thanks to the logistics support analysis for the NATO helicopter 90, it should be ready by mid 2001.

  177. Kratz, Louis A. "Designing Our Logistics System for the Next 50 Years." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 9+.
    The US has enjoyed an advantage in defense logistics since the Revolutionary War, and this logistical advantage as a key force multiplier has continued through the Kosovo air campaign. Our allies rely on our superior military capability. Now we must transform our logistics system to meet today's needs and to keep our dominant position.

  178. Krohn, Charles A. "Striving for Efficiency, U.S. Army Plans to Revamp Logistics Effort." National Defense 85, no. 560 (July, 2000): 14+.
    Joint logistics was the focus at the first annual Force Projection Symposium in Hampton, VA, and was attended by several hundred contractors. The theme was "Future Force Projection - Teaming with Industry - Moving the Armed Forces anywhere on the Globe.".

  179. Kutner, Joshua A. "War-Fighters Need Improved Manegement of Supply Chain ." National Defense 85, no. 561 (August, 2000): 52+.
    The Pentagon logistics system uses systems that are over 30 years old. Now, it's mission is changing and the focus is on supporting the warfighter, not maintaining large inventories. DOD needs an easy way to locate supplies - they need one workable, across-agency supply chain.

  180. Neubert, Criss et al. "Evolution of Modernization Through Spares to Continuous Technology Refreshment: The Momentum Continues." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000 ): 20+.
    As the Army's procurement budget shrinks and its weapons age, new ways have to be found to implement acquisition and logistics reform initiatives. Continuous Technology Refreshment (CTR) is one way. This is a design life cycle material management strategy that is used to reduce sustainment costs.

  181. Ulbrich, David J. "Logisticians Need Practice: Comparing the Pre-War Military Careers of Montgomery Meigs and Henry Aurand." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 32+.
    An earlier version of this paper was presented to the Society for Military History in 1999. The way the American military views logistics is presented along with brief profiles of the pre-war careers of General Montgomery Meigs and General Henry Aurand.

    Mackinder, Halford John, Sir, 1861-1947.

  182. Mayhew, H. "Halford Mackinder's 'New' Political Geography and Geographical Tradition." Political Geography 19, no. 16 (August, 2000): 771-791.
    An examination of the contributions of Halford Mackinder and the study of geopolitics in the context of his times. By briefly looking at traditional geography, as it existed in his day, one can assess the impact of MacKinder's "new" geography.

    Manpower planning -- United States.

  183. Matthews, William. "Still on Track." National Guard 54, no. 7 (July, 2000): 24+.
    One of the newest changes for the Army is the BCT, or Brigade Combat Teams. It is hoped that this concept will be of strategic benefit in serving in scattered small-scale operations. Army Chief of Staff, General Shinseki, is facing some stiff opposition in implementing his plan.

    McCaffrey, Barry R.

  184. McCaffrey, Barry. "Return Fire: We Ignore the Lessons of the Last 30 Years at Our Peril." Armed Forces Journal International 138, no. 1 (August, 2000): 14-16.
    General McCaffrey responds to a New Yorker article by Seymour Hersh describing the so-called Battle of the Causeway. He explains that his forward battalions reported Iraqi fire. Army doctrine concentrates on an enemy's capabilities, not its intentions, and the Iraqi Hammurabi Division was large and highly armed. The Army fights to win. His views may well spark continuing debate.

    Meigs, Montgomery C. (Montgomery Cunningham), 1816-1892.

  185. Ulbrich, David J. "Logisticians Need Practice: Comparing the Pre-War Military Careers of Montgomery Meigs and Henry Aurand." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 32+.
    An earlier version of this paper was presented to the Society for Military History in 1999. The way the American military views logistics is presented along with brief profiles of the pre-war careers of General Montgomery Meigs and General Henry Aurand.

    Metals -- Experiments.

  186. Nellis, William J. "Making Metallic Hydrogen." Scientific American 282, no. 5 (May, 2000): 84-90.
    Simulating extreme conditions like the core of Jupiter, this article reports the efforts of scientists to compress liquid hydrogen into a metallic molecule.

    Mexico -- Directorates.

  187. Robinson, Jim. "50 Top Foreign Companies in Mexico." Business Mexico 10, no. 7 (July, 2000): 24-34.
    Mexico is considered to be a good country for business investments. Mexico now occupies the number two trading partner spot for the United States and it is predicted that it will overtake Canada for the number one spot within ten years. NAFTA played an important part in enabling Mexico to attract major companies. A table ranks the companies, giving their country of origin, sector, total sales, number of employees and website.

  188. ______. "Top 100 Mexican Companies." Business Mexico 10, no. 6 (June, 2000): 42-54.
    Table 1 ranks the top 100 private Mexican companies using financial statements and Bolsa reports. Assets, sales, operating profit, market capitalization and the number of employees were considered the key ranking indicators. Table 2 has the top 10 companies in percentage increase in assets, sales and operating profit categoreis. Table 3 ranks the companies who finished within the top 10 in the above 5 key categories. The companies earn a star each time they finish in a top ten category and are ranked accordingly.

    Microfinance.

  189. Mordach, Johnathan. "The Microfinance Schism." World Development 28, no. 4 (April, 2000): 617-629.
    Advocates who support microfinance as a way of alleviating poverty without permanent subsidies or massive government programs claim it as a "win-win" solution, in which both the lending institutions and the impoverished benefit. Urging a more cautious view, the author addresses an obvious schism between rhetoric and action or between financially minded donors and socially minded programs. He examines the logic of critical arguments for and against the microfinance experience, and reviews lessons and inferences from subsidized credit programs of the 1960s and 1970s.

    Middle East.

  190. Bengio, Ofra. "How Does Saddam Hold On?" Foreign Affairs 79, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 90-103.
    Saddam Hussein's longevity in power has been a target for US continuing debate. This article discusses Hussein's personality, his enemies, his mastery of Iraq's military ruling Baath Party, and how he solicits loyalty from his supporters.

  191. Cordesman, Anthony H. "The Persian-Arabian Gulf and the RMA." National Strategic Studies Quarterly 6, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 81-89.
    The two powerful nations in the Persian Gulf, Iran and Iraq, are developing asymmetric capabilities to counter the US where it is most vulnerable. The author analyzes six potential ways the US could be defeated and recommends implementing long-term strategies designed to deal with proliferation and asymmetric warfare.

  192. Hickok, Michael Robert. "Hegemon Rising: The Gap Between Turkish Strategy and Military Modernization." Parameters 30, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 105-119.
    Turkey military leadership is asking its people to make significant sacrifices in order to allocate the resources necessary for the military modernization planned for the next century. These programs may face increased domestic opposition as more people realize the extent to which the military is asking for resources that could otherwise be used to rebuild after the earthquake or to strengthen the economy as a step toward greater European integration. The author predicts that the demand for resources to fund this massive modernization program will result in a loss of confidence in the military by the Turkish people.

  193. Howard, Shawn A. "The Afghan Connection: Islamic Extremism in Central Asia." National Strategic Studies Quarterly 6, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 25-54.
    In Central Asia, where US interests and investments have matured considerably since the end of the Cold War, instability is widespread. The author examines Central Asia's relationship with its neighbors, and in particular, the role of Afghanistan in the spread of Islamic fundamentalism. He concludes with recommendations for a mid-to long-term strategy designed to stabilize the region and advance US interests.

  194. Kepel, Gilles. "Islamism Reconsidered: A Running Dialogue with Modernity." Harvard International Review 22, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 22-27.
    The rise of Islamism in the Middle East during the early 1970s and its propagation across the Muslim world are being studied. The author examines the history of Islamism as a political movement, and explores its impact on cultural and social norms. Lastly, the probable transition from militant Islamism to an Islamic democracy or post-Islamism is discussed.

  195. Smith, Patrick. "The Indigenous and the Imported: Khatami's Iran." Washington Quarterly 23, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 35-54.
    The author describes Iran's revolution in its historical context in an effort to help America to understand and recognize the transformation in Iranian consciousness taking place today. He suggests that the US is behind the curve for engaging Iran in a constructive relationship.

  196. Talmadge, Caitlin. "Systemic Misery." Harvard International Review 22, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 2000): 40-43.
    This article examines the current sanctions against Iraq, and explains what Iraq continues to demand from the United Nations.

    Middle East -- Foreign economic relations -- Asia.

  197. Manning, Robert. "The Asian Energy Predicament." Survival 42, no. 3 (Autumn, 2000): 73-88.
    One of the biggest, and least discussed, problems facing Asia is its enormous demand for energy, most of it coming from the Middle East. The author discusses the huge growth in population and in industry in Asia, particularly China and India, and the consequent oil demand increase. He calls the situation "the Asian-Middle East Energy Nexus.".

    Military art and science -- Automation.

  198. Brewer, Van E. "The Joint Contingency Force Advanced Warfighting Experiment." Army AL&T (July-August 2000 ): 2-4.
    The Joint Contingeny Force Advanced Warfighting Experiment is scheduled for September, 2000. Its intent is to pave the way for more mobile, lethal, survivable, and responsive Army forces. The author tells of the Army's intent to adapt to new missions using information technology, the materiel developer, and the warfighter. This team of industry, civilian and military personnel will enable a laboratory environment to gain critical operational insights before investing heavily in additional development.

    Military art and science -- United States.

  199. Klare, Michael T. "An Anachronistic Policy." Harvard International Review 22, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 46-51.
    The author describes how the concept of a "rogue state" doctrine came to occupy post-Cold War thinking and outlines alternative reasons for US foreign policy besides a rogue-state strategic doctrine. He describes the emergence of other types of security threats that cannot be explained by the rogue-state paradigm, and urges policymakers to reevaluate them in favor of a more realistic and prudent policy.

  200. Peters, Ralph. "The Human Terrain of Urban Operations." Parameters 30, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 4-12.
    The author analyzes three variations of "human architecture" associated with intervention in urban areas. This analysis redirects the planner's traditional focus on terrain to one incorporating a population's attitude and allegiances. The author indicates it is the people and their complexity that will determine the success or failure of military interventions and not the physical environment.

    Military education -- United States.

  201. Graham, Janice. "Rethinking the Naval Postgraduate School." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 126, no. 7 (July, 2000): 46+.
    The Navy has recently published a Vision Statement for Navy Officer Education. Because of this Statement, education is being given a new and important role within the Navy and Marine Corps. The Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey spends more money on each individual officer than it would cost if they attended a civilian university anywhere in the US. Should the Navy reevaluate this school and make changes within it, or should they see about forming varous partnerships with civilian universities located in areas conducive for Naval officers to pursue.

  202. Mauz, Henry H. and William R. Gates. "The Naval Postgraduate School: It's About Value." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 126, no. 8 (August, 2000): 60-63.
    This article is in response to the July article by Commander Graham. The authors agree that the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is expensive, but that it offers a unique education, geared strictly toward preparing men and women for careers in the Navy and Marine Corps. They say that more students should attend NPS, that the talk of outsourcing, privatizing, etc. should be stopped as NPS provides an education in so many of the necessary fields that are not taught in any civilian universities.

    Military education -- Vietnam.

  203. Kutta, Timothy J. "The ARVN's Armored Corps Rose from Humble Beginnings in 1950 to Play a Major Role in the Final Battles of the War." Vietnam 13, no. 2 (August, 2000): 12, 70+.
    In 1950, when the South Vietnamese Armored Corps was officially established, it had little equipment, most of which was outdated. This quickly changed and 1952 saw the first armor course offered for Vietnamese officers attending the THU DUC Reserve Officer's School. From rather humble beginnings, the armored calvary regiments emerged to become the elite of the South Vietnamese Army. The ARVN armor bravely fought the communists, but succumbed to superior forces in 1974.

    Military intelligence -- United States.

  204. Richelson, Jeffrey. "Examining of US Intelligence Review." Jane's Intelligence Review 12, no. 9 (September, 2000): 41-44.
    The author tells of some recent lapses in US intelligence procedures, e.g., not knowing of Indian nuclear tests, the expulsion of CIA operatives in France and so forth. Are these problems symptomatic of basic problems within the intel agencies or isolated occurrences? He concludes with possible remedies for the intelligence failures.

    Military occupation.

  205. Peters, Ralph. "The Human Terrain of Urban Operations." Parameters 30, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 4-12.
    The author analyzes three variations of "human architecture" associated with intervention in urban areas. This analysis redirects the planner's traditional focus on terrain to one incorporating a population's attitude and allegiances. The author indicates it is the people and their complexity that will determine the success or failure of military interventions and not the physical environment.

    Military readiness.

  206. Benson, Robert. "Missing a Good Thing." All Hands , no. 999 (July, 2000): 28-31.
    Available Online.
    Accounts of four former Navy personnel who returned to active duty after finding that life as a civilian wasn't all that they expected it to be and did not bring an acceptable level of satisfaction, benefits, job security, and/or salary. According to this article they are just part of a wave of Navy veterans returning to the "new" Navy.

  207. Payne, Keith B. "The Case for National Missile Defense." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 187-196.
    This article analyzes current pro and con arguments concerning the National Missile Defense ((NMD) system in the United States.

  208. Schwartau, Winn. "Asymmetrical Adversaries." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 197-202.
    Information Warfare (IW) or "cyber-war" is a prominent type of asymmetrical strategy that is likely to emerge in the near future. The author examines the fundamentals of IW and analyzes how they become a prominent type of asymmetric strategy that may emerge in the near future. He also advises US authorities how to prepare in countering the asymmetrical threats that may face our nation.

  209. Sokolski, Henry. "Rethinking Bio-Chemical Dangers." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 207-219.
    This article focuses on today's popular assessment of the chemical and biological weapons threat and what our government should do. The advantage of relying on civilian institutions rather than the military in dealing with domestic terrorism is also discussed.

    Military supplies.

  210. Kutner, Joshua A. "War-Fighters Need Improved Manegement of Supply Chain ." National Defense 85, no. 561 (August, 2000): 52+.
    The Pentagon logistics system uses systems that are over 30 years old. Now, it's mission is changing and the focus is on supporting the warfighter, not maintaining large inventories. DOD needs an easy way to locate supplies - they need one workable, across-agency supply chain.

  211. Ulbrich, David J. "Logisticians Need Practice: Comparing the Pre-War Military Careers of Montgomery Meigs and Henry Aurand." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 32+.
    An earlier version of this paper was presented to the Society for Military History in 1999. The way the American military views logistics is presented along with brief profiles of the pre-war careers of General Montgomery Meigs and General Henry Aurand.

    Military supplies -- Maintenance and repairs.

  212. Erwin, Sandra I. "Rising Costs Prompt Changes in Marine Aviation Logistics." National Defense 85, no. 561 (August, 2000): 25+.
    The Marines have implemented preventive maintenance in order to extend the life of their older (23-30 years) helicopters. In order to better manage their spare parts, the Marines are going directly to the vendors rather than going through government middlemen agencies. They are also considering using more contractors for aircraft support. Some terms to look for when talking about Marine aircraft support are RCM (reliability-centered maintenance), IMC program (integrated maintenance concept), and JTAV (joint total asset visibility).

    Missile attack warning systems -- United States.

  213. Payne, Keith B. "The Case for National Missile Defense." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 187-196.
    This article analyzes current pro and con arguments concerning the National Missile Defense ((NMD) system in the United States.

    Monetary policy -- Africa.

  214. Guillaume, Dominique M. and David Stasavage. "Improving Policy Credibility: Is There a Case for African Monetary Unions?" World Development 28, no. 8 (August, 2000): 1391-1497.
    This article analyzes experience with monetary policy in Africa, focusing on countries that have participated in rule-based regional monetary agreements. It discusses the importance of monetary unions, and examines the reasons behind the credibility problems in monetary policies. Extensive tables lend evidence to factors that undermine credibility of African monetary unions.

    Money -- Africa, West

  215. Siddiqi, Moin. "A Single Currency for West Africa?" African Business , no. 257 (September, 2000): 16-17.
    The 14 members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are planning a single currency, similar to the Euro, by 2004. The author details the plans and the rules required for member states to enter into this unified plans; he discusses pros and cons.

    Muslims -- Middle East.

  216. Kepel, Gilles. "Islamism Reconsidered: A Running Dialogue with Modernity." Harvard International Review 22, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 22-27.
    The rise of Islamism in the Middle East during the early 1970s and its propagation across the Muslim world are being studied. The author examines the history of Islamism as a political movement, and explores its impact on cultural and social norms. Lastly, the probable transition from militant Islamism to an Islamic democracy or post-Islamism is discussed.

    National security -- Europe.

  217. Croft, Stuart et al. "NATO's Triple Challenge." International Affairs 76, no. 3 (July, 2000): 495-518.
    At the beginning of the 21st century, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is faced with three key challenges: inclusion and exclusion, Europeanization of the Alliance, and internal restructuring. In this article the authors examine the conditions of each challenge and offer suggestions for working through each one.

  218. Heisbourg, Francois. "European Defense Takes a Leap Forward." NATO Review 48, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 8-11.
    In this article the author provides discussion on the debate surrounding European defense capabilities and its relation to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The discussion includes the three D's: duplication of effort, "decoupling" -- separating Europe's security from other NATO allies, and discrimination against non-European Union members.

  219. Van Ham, Peter. "Europe's Common Defense Policy: Implications for the Trans-Atlantic Relationship." Security Dialogue 31, no. 2 (June, 2000): 215-228.
    Van Ham examines the issues surrounding the Common European Security and Defence Policy. He also analysis future implications of the European defense system for the North Atlantic Organization (NATO) and for transatlantic relations.

    National security -- Germany.

  220. Maull, Hanns W. "Germany and the Use of Force: Still a 'Civilian Power'?" Survival 42, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 56-80.
    Since 1991, Germany's security posture has undergone some significant changes. In this article the author discusses those changes and addresses the implications for European defense.

    National security -- Turkey.

  221. Hickok, Michael Robert. "Hegemon Rising: The Gap Between Turkish Strategy and Military Modernization." Parameters 30, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 105-119.
    Turkey military leadership is asking its people to make significant sacrifices in order to allocate the resources necessary for the military modernization planned for the next century. These programs may face increased domestic opposition as more people realize the extent to which the military is asking for resources that could otherwise be used to rebuild after the earthquake or to strengthen the economy as a step toward greater European integration. The author predicts that the demand for resources to fund this massive modernization program will result in a loss of confidence in the military by the Turkish people.

    National security -- United States.

  222. Gardner, Richard N. "The One Percent Solution." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 2-11.
    According to the author, the "one percent solution" is the fallacy that a successful US foreign policy can be carried out with barely one percent of the federal budget. He points out that the percentage of the US budget designated for international affairs has been declining for four decades. He emphasizes that this low budget could fail to build solid international partnerships and to treat the causes of today's conflicts, which could mean costly military responses tomorrow.

    Nationalism -- Baluchistan.

  223. Kaplan, Robert D. "The Lawless Frontier." Atlantic Monthly 286, no. 3 (September, 2000): 66-88.
    A little known conflict is occurring in Baluchistan the borderlands area between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The locals are called Pashtoon, Baluchi, and Raisanis, ethnic clans who control the area and against whom the government of Pakistan is fighting. The author fears that there is an institutional meltdown in Pakistan. Add to this picture, acute multi-year drought, hundreds of thousands of refugees from Afghanistan, little to no industry or investment, and the proximity of the Taliban. Pakistan is now governed by General Musharraf, who toppled the previous government in a coup in 1999. The author fears that the meltdown could result in a new Yugoslavia like situation, armed with possible nuclear weapons.

    Natural disasters.

  224. Pratt, Timothy. "Dealing with Disaster." GeoWorld 13, no. 7 (July, 2000): 46-48.
    Bogota, Colombia, hosted a meeting this past February attended by 22 countries from Latin America and the Caribbean. They are forming the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) to create a data clearinghouse of information that will help in preparing for natural disasters. This will be a tremendous task for countries that have no programs for the gathering of spatial data.

    Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  225. Graham, Janice. "Rethinking the Naval Postgraduate School." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 126, no. 7 (July, 2000): 46+.
    The Navy has recently published a Vision Statement for Navy Officer Education. Because of this Statement, education is being given a new and important role within the Navy and Marine Corps. The Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey spends more money on each individual officer than it would cost if they attended a civilian university anywhere in the US. Should the Navy reevaluate this school and make changes within it, or should they see about forming varous partnerships with civilian universities located in areas conducive for Naval officers to pursue.

  226. Mauz, Henry H. and William R. Gates. "The Naval Postgraduate School: It's About Value." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 126, no. 8 (August, 2000): 60-63.
    This article is in response to the July article by Commander Graham. The authors agree that the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is expensive, but that it offers a unique education, geared strictly toward preparing men and women for careers in the Navy and Marine Corps. They say that more students should attend NPS, that the talk of outsourcing, privatizing, etc. should be stopped as NPS provides an education in so many of the necessary fields that are not taught in any civilian universities.

    Navy-yards and naval stations -- United States.

  227. Daverede, Alex J. "Two Centuries Under the Eye of the Government." Naval History 14, no. 6 (December, 2000): 45-50.
    NDU's neighboring institution, the Washington Navy Yard, is discussed in this article. It chronicles the growth, development, and changes that have occurred there over 200 years. Its role in the Civil War and in munitions production are highlighted.

    Netherlands -- Armed Forces -- Mobilization.

  228. Van Tuyll, Hubert P. "The Dutch Mobilization of 1914: Reading the Enemy's Intentions." The Journal of Military History 64, no. 3 (July, 2000): 711+.
    Prior to World War I, the Netherlands was in a strategically vulnerable position. With German unification and the Anglo-French alliance, they could easily be overun during any conflict between Germany and Britain or France. If they allied themselves with any of the major powers, the Dutch would certainly be involved in the upcoming war. Their only hope was to convince everyone of their neutrality. Accurate information gathering was vital so that their military would be able to make the best use of it. The Dutch were the first Western European country to mobilize and use information gathered from inside Germany. By being well informed, they were prepared and by being prepared they avoided World War I.

    Non-governmental organizations.

  229. Najam, Adil. "The Four-C's of Third Sector-Government Relations: Cooperation, Confrontation, Complimentarity, and Co-optation. " Nonprofit Management and Leadership 10, no. 4 (Summer, 2000): 375+.
    In this article, the author refers to nongovernmental organizations as being nonprofit, voluntary, independent, charitable, people-oriented, philanthropic, associational, or third sector. He states that the "nongovernmental" organizations and government organizations are increasingly being thrown together on a global level. Because of this, they must learn to work together and understanding each other is the beginning of this cooperation.

    North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

  230. Croft, Stuart et al. "NATO's Triple Challenge." International Affairs 76, no. 3 (July, 2000): 495-518.
    At the beginning of the 21st century, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is faced with three key challenges: inclusion and exclusion, Europeanization of the Alliance, and internal restructuring. In this article the authors examine the conditions of each challenge and offer suggestions for working through each one.

  231. Heisbourg, Francois. "European Defense Takes a Leap Forward." NATO Review 48, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 8-11.
    In this article the author provides discussion on the debate surrounding European defense capabilities and its relation to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The discussion includes the three D's: duplication of effort, "decoupling" -- separating Europe's security from other NATO allies, and discrimination against non-European Union members.

  232. Honeck, Heinz. "Logistics Support Analysis (LSA) for the NATO Helicopter 90." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 27+.
    Beginning in 1990 with the signing of a design and development agreement by France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands, studies commenced on designing and producing a medium-sized helicopter that would be effective in all three services. Thanks to the logistics support analysis for the NATO helicopter 90, it should be ready by mid 2001.

  233. Sarvas, Stefan. "The NATO Enlargement Debate in the Media and Civil-Military Relations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia." European Security 9, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 113-126.
    In this article the author provides discussion on the North Atlantic Treaty Orgaization (NATO) enlargement debate within a framework of seven factors, including democracy, security, economics and technology. The author also addresses the impacts of those factors on civil-military relations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

  234. Van Ham, Peter. "Europe's Common Defense Policy: Implications for the Trans-Atlantic Relationship." Security Dialogue 31, no. 2 (June, 2000): 215-228.
    Van Ham examines the issues surrounding the Common European Security and Defence Policy. He also analysis future implications of the European defense system for the North Atlantic Organization (NATO) and for transatlantic relations.

  235. Wallace, William. "From the Atlantic to the Bug, from the Arctic to the Tigris? The Transformation of the EU and NATO." International Affairs 76, no. 3 (July, 2000): 475-493.
    The enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) will transform the economic and political framework of the European region for years to come. In this article the author poses several questions that must be addressed to achieve a successful enlargement process.

    North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- Management.

  236. Parmentier, Guillaume. "Redressing NATO's Imbalances." Survival 42, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 96-112.
    The Kosovo war uncovered flaws in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) command structure and planning capabilities. In this article the author provides an analysis of those flaws, and proposes a balance between the political and military functions of NATO. This balance will enable NATO to become a more multilateral organization, and will also assist in making a stronger European defense.

    Nuclear submarines -- Great Britain.

  237. Hardern, S. P. "Europe's Problem Children?" Naval Review 88, no. 3 (July, 2000): 224-234.
    In Europe, Britain and Russia possess nuclear submarines. With many aging boats, these nations are finally attempting to address the problem of the nuclear waste from them. Both nations' policy is to continue to use nuclear subs. Nuclear waste cannot be destroyed by any known process. Britain may use the U.S. technology of land burial. The author urges both Britain and the U.S. to cooperate with Russia in disposing of nuclear submarine waste.

    Nuclear submarines -- Russia (Federation)

  238. Hardern, S. P. "Europe's Problem Children?" Naval Review 88, no. 3 (July, 2000): 224-234.
    In Europe, Britain and Russia possess nuclear submarines. With many aging boats, these nations are finally attempting to address the problem of the nuclear waste from them. Both nations' policy is to continue to use nuclear subs. Nuclear waste cannot be destroyed by any known process. Britain may use the U.S. technology of land burial. The author urges both Britain and the U.S. to cooperate with Russia in disposing of nuclear submarine waste.

    Ordnance, naval -- Munitions.

  239. Daverede, Alex J. "Two Centuries Under the Eye of the Government." Naval History 14, no. 6 (December, 2000): 45-50.
    NDU's neighboring institution, the Washington Navy Yard, is discussed in this article. It chronicles the growth, development, and changes that have occurred there over 200 years. Its role in the Civil War and in munitions production are highlighted.

    Outer space -- Exploration -- United States.

  240. Hughes, James H. "A Vision for Space." Journal of Social Political and Economic Studies 25, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 3-17.
    This article explores the advantages of deploying ballistic missile defenses in space, and examines the feasibility of developing manned bases on the moon.

    Pakistan -- Foreign relations -- India.

  241. Cloughley, Brian. "Confrontation in Kashmir." Army Quarterly & Defence Journal 129, no. 3 (July, 1999): 283-289.
    Both India and Pakistan have rudimentary nuclear capability and both want to call Kashmir part of their country. This article clearly tells the complicated history and current state of affairs in the disputed Kashmir. A plebiscite has never been held, so the world really does not know which way the people of the territory lean. The author believes UN intervention may be required to settle the over-50 year-old quarrel over Kashmir.

    Pakistan -- Politics and government.

  242. Kaplan, Robert D. "The Lawless Frontier." Atlantic Monthly 286, no. 3 (September, 2000): 66-88.
    A little known conflict is occurring in Baluchistan the borderlands area between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The locals are called Pashtoon, Baluchi, and Raisanis, ethnic clans who control the area and against whom the government of Pakistan is fighting. The author fears that there is an institutional meltdown in Pakistan. Add to this picture, acute multi-year drought, hundreds of thousands of refugees from Afghanistan, little to no industry or investment, and the proximity of the Taliban. Pakistan is now governed by General Musharraf, who toppled the previous government in a coup in 1999. The author fears that the meltdown could result in a new Yugoslavia like situation, armed with possible nuclear weapons.

    Palestinian Arabs -- Politics and government.

  243. Sa'di, Ahmad H. "Israel as Ethnic Democracy: What are the Implications for the Palestinian Minority?" Arab Studies Quarterly 22, no. 1 (Winter, 2000): 25-37.
    Israel, at this time of the emergence of a Palestinian state, remains a country deeply divided on majority/minority lines. Israel views itself as both democratic and Jewish, thus creating the problem of the citizenship of non-Jewish, mainly Palestinian residents. The author examines the sociological model for the Israeli state as offered by Sammy Smooha, a Haifa University sociologist.

    Peacekeeping forces.

  244. Takai, Susumu and Kazumine Akimoto. "Ocean-Peace Keeping and New Roles for Maritime Force." NIDS Security Reports , no. 1 (March, 2000): 57-79.
    With oceans covering over 71% of the surface of the planet, it is a certainty that they will continue to be used in ways that are still being discovered. Protection of this vital resource is necessary and one way would be the establishment of a maritime force to guarantee freedom of the seas and consolidate management of the oceans. Naval forces would maintain maritime order, thus stabilizing sea power.

    Persian Gulf region -- Politics and government.

  245. Cordesman, Anthony H. "The Persian-Arabian Gulf and the RMA." National Strategic Studies Quarterly 6, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 81-89.
    The two powerful nations in the Persian Gulf, Iran and Iraq, are developing asymmetric capabilities to counter the US where it is most vulnerable. The author analyzes six potential ways the US could be defeated and recommends implementing long-term strategies designed to deal with proliferation and asymmetric warfare.

    Persian Gulf War, 1991 -- Atrocities.

  246. McCaffrey, Barry. "Return Fire: We Ignore the Lessons of the Last 30 Years at Our Peril." Armed Forces Journal International 138, no. 1 (August, 2000): 14-16.
    General McCaffrey responds to a New Yorker article by Seymour Hersh describing the so-called Battle of the Causeway. He explains that his forward battalions reported Iraqi fire. Army doctrine concentrates on an enemy's capabilities, not its intentions, and the Iraqi Hammurabi Division was large and highly armed. The Army fights to win. His views may well spark continuing debate.

    Persian Gulf War, 1991 -- Campaigns.

  247. McCaffrey, Barry. "Return Fire: We Ignore the Lessons of the Last 30 Years at Our Peril." Armed Forces Journal International 138, no. 1 (August, 2000): 14-16.
    General McCaffrey responds to a New Yorker article by Seymour Hersh describing the so-called Battle of the Causeway. He explains that his forward battalions reported Iraqi fire. Army doctrine concentrates on an enemy's capabilities, not its intentions, and the Iraqi Hammurabi Division was large and highly armed. The Army fights to win. His views may well spark continuing debate.

    Personnel management.

  248. Lipman-Blumen, Jean. "The Age of Connective Leadership." Leader to Leader (Summer, 2000): 39-45.
    In this article the author provides six leadership elements that are necessary for leaders in an era characterized by diversity and interdependence. Elements include ethical political savvy, accountability, and leadership through expectation. Flexible leadership will be the key to constructively addressing the challenges of diversity and interdependence.

    Political corruption -- Kenya.

  249. Klopp, Jacqueline M. "Pilfering the Public: The Problem of Land Grabbing in Contemporary Kenya." Africa Today 47, no. 1 (Winter, 2000): 6-26.
    The author tells of widespread corruption in Kenya, particularly the taking of land and real estate by private, usually well-connected individuals. He postures that this practice is being ignored by other world leaders and scholars, who often contend that this activity is par for the course or that African nations have no concept of the "public domain." He uses land grabbing examples such as the Karura Forest (formerly a "national" forest) and the Westlands Market.

    Political parties -- United States.

  250. Thorson, Gregory R. and Tasina Nitzschke. "Politics and Policy in the 103rd and 104th Congresses: Evaluating the Effects of Divided Government in the Postreform Era." Congress & the Presidency 27, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 1-14.
    The authors examine the significant legislation passed during the 103rd and the 104th Congresses to determine if divided government affects the legislative process. In conclusion the authors' research shows that divided does influence the content of legislation passed, but not the amount of legislation.
    Divided government -- United States./Political parties -- United States.

    Political prisoners -- China.

  251. Madsen, Richard. "Understanding Falun Gong." Current History 99, no. 638 (September, 2000): 243-247.
    This article explains the "practice" of Falun Gong and elucidates its practices. It is viewed by the Chinese government as an evil cult; the author describes it as a "practice" based on five physical body movements. He details the Chinese government's actions against the Falun Gong and American mixed reactions towards the "practice.".

    Political stability -- Economic aspects.

  252. Pei, Minxin and Ariel David Adesnik. "Why Recessions Don't Start Revolutions." Foreign Policy , no. 118 (Spring, 2000): 138-151.
    This article examines the political effects of economic and financial crises in Asia and Latin America for the past fifty years. The nature of economic crisis and explanations of political stability despite economic crisis is discussed. Comprehensive macroeconomic data for countries around the world can be found in the World Bank's World Development Indicators, available through the bank's Web site.

    Poverty -- International cooperation.

  253. Mordach, Johnathan. "The Microfinance Schism." World Development 28, no. 4 (April, 2000): 617-629.
    Advocates who support microfinance as a way of alleviating poverty without permanent subsidies or massive government programs claim it as a "win-win" solution, in which both the lending institutions and the impoverished benefit. Urging a more cautious view, the author addresses an obvious schism between rhetoric and action or between financially minded donors and socially minded programs. He examines the logic of critical arguments for and against the microfinance experience, and reviews lessons and inferences from subsidized credit programs of the 1960s and 1970s.

    Privatization.

  254. Megginson, William and Stephen J. Kay. "Privatization." Foreign Policy , no. 118 (Spring, 2000): 14-27.
    The prevalence of privatization programs in developing and developed economies during the last two decades has generated more than $1 trillion in government revenues. The pros and cons of privatization and the proper way to transfer state companies to private hands to benefit average citizens are examined.

    Product life cycle.

  255. Neubert, Criss et al. "Evolution of Modernization Through Spares to Continuous Technology Refreshment: The Momentum Continues." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000 ): 20+.
    As the Army's procurement budget shrinks and its weapons age, new ways have to be found to implement acquisition and logistics reform initiatives. Continuous Technology Refreshment (CTR) is one way. This is a design life cycle material management strategy that is used to reduce sustainment costs.

    Propaganda analysis -- United States.

  256. Chomsky, Noam. "In a League of Its Own." Harvard International Review 22, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 68-71.
    Noam Chomsky discusses propagandistic and literal uses of the term 'rogue states' that the US ascribes to its enemies who regard themselves as not bounded by international norms.

    Publishers and publishing.

  257. Hawkins, Donald T. "Electronic Books: A Major Publishing Revolution." Online 24, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 14-28.
    Part 1of 2.
    Part 1 provides an easy-to-understand overview of a fast moving technology. Beginning with a brief history of publishing, Hawkins defines ebooks, discusses the pros and cons of ebooks, and describes current technologies used to produce and read ebooks. Copyright issues, technical standards, and sources of ebooks also presented.

  258. ______. "Electronic Books: A Major Publishing Revolution--part 2: The Marketplace." Online 24, no. 5 (September/October 2000 ): 18-36.
    Part 2 of 2.
    The ebook marketplace, developers of players/readers, publishers, web sources, etc. are discussed in the last part of this series. Tables give vendor names (with web sites and product information) for self-publishing, software, readers, downloadable titles, web site access, and some system integrators focused on the ebook market.

  259. Mayor, Taylor. "The Next Chapter." CIO 13, no. 23 (September 15, 2000): 114-126.
    Available Online.
    Has Stephen King caused Gutenberg to roll over in his grave? This article examines the dynamic changes in the publishing industry with the advent of E-books: digital versions of books that can be downloaded to handheld readers. E-books may capture 10% of the publishing market by 2005. The author urges publishers to work with their CIO’s to revamp, rework, re-engineer, and rethink their operations to compete successfully in the technological whirlwind of the E-book revolution.

    Radioactive waste disposal.

  260. Hardern, S. P. "Europe's Problem Children?" Naval Review 88, no. 3 (July, 2000): 224-234.
    In Europe, Britain and Russia possess nuclear submarines. With many aging boats, these nations are finally attempting to address the problem of the nuclear waste from them. Both nations' policy is to continue to use nuclear subs. Nuclear waste cannot be destroyed by any known process. Britain may use the U.S. technology of land burial. The author urges both Britain and the U.S. to cooperate with Russia in disposing of nuclear submarine waste.

    Religion and politics -- China.

  261. Madsen, Richard. "Understanding Falun Gong." Current History 99, no. 638 (September, 2000): 243-247.
    Available in EBSCO Host.
    This article explains the "practice" of Falun Gong and elucidates its practices. It is viewed by the Chinese government as an evil cult; the author describes it as a "practice" based on five physical body movements. He details the Chinese government's actions against the Falun Gong and American mixed reactions towards the "practice.".

    Sabotage.

  262. Richardson, Loise. "Terrorists as Transnational Actors." Terrorism & Political Violence 11, no. 4 (Winter, 1999): 209-219.
    The author defines terrorism as politically motivated violence directed against non-combatant or symbolic targets which is designed to communicate a message to a broader audience. The United States has tended to see terrorism less as a transnational force and more as an international one--that is, as directed by governments against us. But, international links between terrorist movements take many forms--some are directed by states, some are independent of states, and some have state involvement. Policy-makers must be aware of this in order to develop an effective counter-terrorist strategy for this type of terrorism.

    Sanctions (Law) -- Iraq.

  263. Talmadge, Caitlin. "Systemic Misery." Harvard International Review 22, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 2000): 40-43.
    This article examines the current sanctions against Iraq, and explains what Iraq continues to demand from the United Nations.

    Sea control.

  264. Takai, Susumu and Kazumine Akimoto. "Ocean-Peace Keeping and New Roles for Maritime Force." NIDS Security Reports , no. 1 (March, 2000): 57-79.
    With oceans covering over 71% of the surface of the planet, it is a certainty that they will continue to be used in ways that are still being discovered. Protection of this vital resource is necessary and one way would be the establishment of a maritime force to guarantee freedom of the seas and consolidate management of the oceans. Naval forces would maintain maritime order, thus stabilizing sea power.

    Sea-power.

  265. Takai, Susumu and Kazumine Akimoto. "Ocean-Peace Keeping and New Roles for Maritime Force." NIDS Security Reports , no. 1 (March, 2000): 57-79.
    With oceans covering over 71% of the surface of the planet, it is a certainty that they will continue to be used in ways that are still being discovered. Protection of this vital resource is necessary and one way would be the establishment of a maritime force to guarantee freedom of the seas and consolidate management of the oceans. Naval forces would maintain maritime order, thus stabilizing sea power.

    Slovakia -- Politics and government -- 1993-

  266. Sarvas, Stefan. "The NATO Enlargement Debate in the Media and Civil-Military Relations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia." European Security 9, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 113-126.
    In this article the author provides discussion on the North Atlantic Treaty Orgaization (NATO) enlargement debate within a framework of seven factors, including democracy, security, economics and technology. The author also addresses the impacts of those factors on civil-military relations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

    Social policy.

  267. Najam, Adil. "The Four-C's of Third Sector-Government Relations: Cooperation, Confrontation, Complimentarity, and Co-optation. " Nonprofit Management and Leadership 10, no. 4 (Summer, 2000): 375+.
    In this article, the author refers to nongovernmental organizations as being nonprofit, voluntary, independent, charitable, people-oriented, philanthropic, associational, or third sector. He states that the "nongovernmental" organizations and government organizations are increasingly being thrown together on a global level. Because of this, they must learn to work together and understanding each other is the beginning of this cooperation.

    Strategic Defense Initiative.

  268. Daalder, Ivo H. et al. "Deploying NMD: Not Whether, But How." Survival 42, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 6-28.
    The author discusses the debate concerning the US building a national missile defense (NMD) system within the next decade. He points out that while the NMD system could make the US somewhat more secure in case of a small-scale attack, it could also make the US substantially less secure if steps are not taken to accommodate Russia's strategic concerns.

  269. Deutch, John et al. "National Missile Defense: Is There Another Way?" Foreign Policy , no. 119 (Summer, 2000): 91-100.
    Three former top United States defense officials explain why they are not in favor of President Bill Clinton's national missile defense (NMD) proposal. The comparison includes four factors: nature of threat, technical readiness, affordability, and political impact. In conclusion the authors propose an alternative approach to NMD.

  270. Train, John. "Facing the Risks: A Realistic Look at Missile Defense." Strategic Review 28, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 4-8.
    Analyzing possible nuclear and alternative threats to the US, the author argues that the Navy's Theater-wide System (NTW) deserves more attention in the national defense context. He concludes that the Navy Area Defense System has a distinct advantage of mobility; blocking threats from different directions as they occur.

    Strategic planning.

  271. Bovel, David and Joseph Martha. "From Supply Chain to Value Net." Journal of Business Strategy 21, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 24-28.
    The article points out that the supply chain should be managed strategically in order to achieve the best results. A value net is advocated to work with information flow between customer/supplier partnerships. Done right, whoever or whatever the "customer" is, the demands will be met rapidly, reliably, and accurately.

    Surplus (Economics)

  272. Schick, Allen. ""A Surplus, If We Can Keep It": How the Federal Budget Surplus Happened." Brookings Review 18, no. 1 (Winter, 2000): 36-39.
    How does a 1998-projected 300+ billion-dollar deficit transform into a 100 billion-dollar surplus that is expected to quadruple in the decade ahead? The author examines the economic indicators of the 1980s and 1990s to explain how the federal budget deficit was converted into surplus.

    Technological innovations

  273. Neubert, Criss et al. "Evolution of Modernization Through Spares to Continuous Technology Refreshment: The Momentum Continues." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000 ): 20+.
    As the Army's procurement budget shrinks and its weapons age, new ways have to be found to implement acquisition and logistics reform initiatives. Continuous Technology Refreshment (CTR) is one way. This is a design life cycle material management strategy that is used to reduce sustainment costs.

    Technological innovations -- United States.

  274. Lewis, Nancy J. and Peter Orton. "The Five Attributes of Innovative E-Learning." Training & Development Journal 54, no. 6 (June, 2000): 47-51.
    IBM Mangement Development introduced an innovative online learning program for new IBM managers. In this article the author discusses five attributes of e-learning that should be considered when promoting innovative technologies.

    Terrorism.

  275. Richardson, Loise. "Terrorists as Transnational Actors." Terrorism & Political Violence 11, no. 4 (Winter, 1999): 209-219.
    The author defines terrorism as politically motivated violence directed against non-combatant or symbolic targets which is designed to communicate a message to a broader audience. The United States has tended to see terrorism less as a transnational force and more as an international one--that is, as directed by governments against us. But, international links between terrorist movements take many forms--some are directed by states, some are independent of states, and some have state involvement. Policy-makers must be aware of this in order to develop an effective counter-terrorist strategy for this type of terrorism.

    Terrorism -- Algeria.

  276. Miller, William H. "Insurgency Theory and the Conflict in Algeria: A Theoretical Analysis." Terrorism & Political Violence 12, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 60-78.
    The government of the former French colony of Algeria continues to stand despite a vicious cycle of violent terrorist acts over the past decade. Miller examines the various types of insurgency theories: Urban Insurrection, Rural Guerrilla Warfare, Urban Terror and Focoism. The Algerian insurgency has failed to coalesce and has degenerated into a purposeless, though continuing, violent movement.

    Terrorism -- Prevention.

  277. Dartnell, Michael. "A Legal Inter-Network for Terrorism: Issues of Globalization, Fragmentation and Legitimacy." Terrorism & Political Violence 11, no. 4 (Winter, 1999): 197-208.
    Terrorism is an area in which the contradictions of the present global system (lack of enforcement and policy implementation) are obvious. This article discusses the efforts required over the next 5 years to develop effective international legal responses to terrorism.

    Terrorism -- United States.

  278. Sokolski, Henry. "Rethinking Bio-Chemical Dangers." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 207-219.
    Available in EBSCO Host.
    This article focuses on today's popular assessment of the chemical and biological weapons threat and what our government should do. The advantage of relying on civilian institutions rather than the military in dealing with domestic terrorism is also discussed.

    Tibet (China) -- Politics and government.

  279. Misra, Amalendu. "Tibet: In Search of a Resolution." Central Asian Survey 19, no. 1 (March, 2000): 79-93.
    This author likens the situation in Tibet to that of Bosnia or East Timor, yet the international community has failed to respond accordingly. A detailed article outlines the history of the Tibet Question, and explores the cultural, religious and political aspects.

    Timor Timor (Indonesia) -- History -- Autonomy and independence movements.

  280. Chopra, Jarat. "The UN’s Kingdom of East Timor." Survival 42, no. 3 (Autumn, 2000): 27-39.
    Indonesia organized "Operation Clean Sweep" to, in effect, destroy the province of East Timor in the fall of 1999. The UN is exercising sovereign authority, for the first time, in the administration of the remnants of East Timor. The role of the UN Transitional Authority in East Timor (UNTAET) is thoroughly discussed. The author views the UN role as unsatisfactory and suggests alternatives.

    Transportation, Military.

  281. Honeck, Heinz. "Logistics Support Analysis (LSA) for the NATO Helicopter 90." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 27+.
    Beginning in 1990 with the signing of a design and development agreement by France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands, studies commenced on designing and producing a medium-sized helicopter that would be effective in all three services. Thanks to the logistics support analysis for the NATO helicopter 90, it should be ready by mid 2001.

  282. Ulbrich, David J. "Logisticians Need Practice: Comparing the Pre-War Military Careers of Montgomery Meigs and Henry Aurand." Logistics Spectrum 34, no. 3 (July-September 2000): 32+.
    An earlier version of this paper was presented to the Society for Military History in 1999. The way the American military views logistics is presented along with brief profiles of the pre-war careers of General Montgomery Meigs and General Henry Aurand.

    Turkey -- Military policy.

  283. Hickok, Michael Robert. "Hegemon Rising: The Gap Between Turkish Strategy and Military Modernization." Parameters 30, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 105-119.
    Turkey military leadership is asking its people to make significant sacrifices in order to allocate the resources necessary for the military modernization planned for the next century. These programs may face increased domestic opposition as more people realize the extent to which the military is asking for resources that could otherwise be used to rebuild after the earthquake or to strengthen the economy as a step toward greater European integration. The author predicts that the demand for resources to fund this massive modernization program will result in a loss of confidence in the military by the Turkish people.

    Unified operations (Military science)

  284. Krohn, Charles A. "Striving for Efficiency, U.S. Army Plans to Revamp Logistics Effort." National Defense 85, no. 560 (July, 2000): 14+.
    Joint logistics was the focus at the first annual Force Projection Symposium in Hampton, VA, and was attended by several hundred contractors. The theme was "Future Force Projection - Teaming with Industry - Moving the Armed Forces anywhere on the Globe.".

    United Nations -- Economic assistance.

  285. Litan, Robert E. "The 'Globalization' Challenge." Brookings Review 18, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 35-37.
    The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and The World Trade Organization (WTO), both of which the United States (US) helped to create and lead, has recently come under attack from many prominent and influential individuals. They are urging the US to help shape the future of both organizations and the course of the global economy. Although critics argue that a new economic unilateralism must be adopted, they disagree over how it should be done. Their arguments on how the IMF and the WTO can best promote stability and growth to underdeveloped countries are examined.

    United Nations -- Peacekeeping forces.

  286. Chopra, Jarat. "The UN’s Kingdom of East Timor." Survival 42, no. 3 (Autumn, 2000): 27-39.
    Indonesia organized "Operation Clean Sweep" to, in effect, destroy the province of East Timor in the fall of 1999. The UN is exercising sovereign authority, for the first time, in the administration of the remnants of East Timor. The role of the UN Transitional Authority in East Timor (UNTAET) is thoroughly discussed. The author views the UN role as unsatisfactory and suggests alternatives.

    United Nations -- Sanctions -- Iraq.

  287. Talmadge, Caitlin. "Systemic Misery." Harvard International Review 22, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 2000): 40-43.
    This article examines the current sanctions against Iraq, and explains what Iraq continues to demand from the United Nations.

    United States -- Armed Forces.

  288. Easterbrook, Greg. "Apocryphal Now: The Myth of the Hollow Military." New Republic 223, no. 11 (September 11, 2000): 22-27.
    A presidential campaign issue is the so-called readiness of the US military. Easterbrook claims the US is now the strongest military power ever in existence. He also lists weak points, such as lack of trained pilots and low pay scales that mean fewer recruits in a good economy. He says the military needs procurement reform.

    United States -- Armed Forces -- Reserves.

  289. Matthews, William. "Still on Track." National Guard 54, no. 7 (July, 2000): 24+.
    One of the newest changes for the Army is the BCT, or Brigade Combat Teams. It is hoped that this concept will be of strategic benefit in serving in scattered small-scale operations. Army Chief of Staff, General Shinseki, is facing some stiff opposition in implementing his plan.

    United States. Army Material Command.

  290. Brewer, Van E. "The Joint Contingency Force Advanced Warfighting Experiment." Army AL&T (July-August 2000 ): 2-4.
    The Joint Contingeny Force Advanced Warfighting Experiment is scheduled for September, 2000. Its intent is to pave the way for more mobile, lethal, survivable, and responsive Army forces. The author tells of the Army's intent to adapt to new missions using information technology, the materiel developer, and the warfighter. This team of industry, civilian and military personnel will enable a laboratory environment to gain critical operational insights before investing heavily in additional development.

    United States. Coast Guard.

  291. Gray, Colin. "Keeping the Coast Guard Afloat." National Interest , no. 60 (Summer, 2000): 83-87.
    This brief article discusses the current status of the Coast Guard. As the nation's Fifth Service, the Coast Guard accomplishes its mission in a quiet, efficient way. Unfortunately, recent appropriations have not been sufficient to maintain equipment and personnel.

    United States -- Economic conditions.

  292. Richter, Stephan-Gotz. "The Immigration Safety Valve." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 2 (March/April 2000): 13-16.
    Those critics who argue for tighter immigration laws should realize that less immigration means fewer workers and higher inflation. This article explains how the US labor market has impacted the Federal Reserve's outlook on inflation.

    United States -- Economic conditions -- 1981-

  293. Reynolds, Alan. "Thank You New Technology." American Enterprise 11, no. 2 (March, 2000): 28-29.
    This article discusses how the economic expansion in the US had been driven by big business's appetite for high technology.

    United States -- Economic policy.

  294. Gardner, Richard N. "The One Percent Solution." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 2-11.
    According to the author, the "one percent solution" is the fallacy that a successful US foreign policy can be carried out with barely one percent of the federal budget. He points out that the percentage of the US budget designated for international affairs has been declining for four decades. He emphasizes that this low budget could fail to build solid international partnerships and to treat the causes of today's conflicts, which could mean costly military responses tomorrow.

    United States -- Foreign economic relations -- Asia.

  295. Cruz de Castro, Renato. "Whither Geoeconomics? Bureaucratic Inertia in U.S. Post-Cold War Foreign Policy Toward East Asia." Asian Affairs 26, no. 4 (Winter, 2000): 201-221.
    The Clinton administration has placed the geoeconomic agenda with the nations of East Asia on the back burner, according to Cruz de Castro. The financial crises of the area and Japan's decline contribute to lower U.S. interest in the area. The complicated relationship between the U.S. and China and the Clinton push for geopolitical strength in the area have left economics in the background, other than the sales of U.S. goods. The roles of the State Department and PACOM are explored. Human rights, territorial claims, and U.S. trade expansion are issues at hand.

    United States -- Foreign relations.

  296. Fettweis, Christopher J. "Sir Halford Mackinder, Geopolitics, and Policymaking in the 21st Century." Parameters 30, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 58-71.
    As the only remaining "superpower" in the world, the United States must evolve its ideas of power and take its place to help shape the future of the world. Political theory as it pertains to policy making on a global scale is discussed.

  297. Gardner, Richard N. "The One Percent Solution." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 4 (July/August 2000): 2-11.
    According to the author, the "one percent solution" is the fallacy that a successful US foreign policy can be carried out with barely one percent of the federal budget. He points out that the percentage of the US budget designated for international affairs has been declining for four decades. He emphasizes that this low budget could fail to build solid international partnerships and to treat the causes of today's conflicts, which could mean costly military responses tomorrow.

    United States -- Foreign relations -- 1989-

  298. Klare, Michael T. "An Anachronistic Policy." Harvard International Review 22, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 46-51.
    The author describes how the concept of a "rogue state" doctrine came to occupy post-Cold War thinking and outlines alternative reasons for US foreign policy besides a rogue-state strategic doctrine. He describes the emergence of other types of security threats that cannot be explained by the rogue-state paradigm, and urges policymakers to reevaluate them in favor of a more realistic and prudent policy.

    United States -- Foreign relations -- Iran.

  299. Smith, Patrick. "The Indigenous and the Imported: Khatami's Iran." Washington Quarterly 23, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 35-54.
    hThe author describes Iran's revolution in its historical context in an effort to help America to understand and recognize the transformation in Iranian consciousness taking place today. He suggests that the US is behind the curve for engaging Iran in a constructive relationship.

    United States. Marine Corps.

  300. Erwin, Sandra I. "Rising Costs Prompt Changes in Marine Aviation Logistics." National Defense 85, no. 561 (August, 2000): 25+.
    The Marines have implemented preventive maintenance in order to extend the life of their older (23-30 years) helicopters. In order to better manage their spare parts, the Marines are going directly to the vendors rather than going through government middlemen agencies. They are also considering using more contractors for aircraft support. Some terms to look for when talking about Marine aircraft support are RCM (reliability-centered maintenance), IMC program (integrated maintenance concept), and JTAV (joint total asset visibility).

    United States -- Military policy.

  301. Cordesman, Anthony H. "The Persian-Arabian Gulf and the RMA." National Strategic Studies Quarterly 6, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 81-89.
    The two powerful nations in the Persian Gulf, Iran and Iraq, are developing asymmetric capabilities to counter the US where it is most vulnerable. The author analyzes six potential ways the US could be defeated and recommends implementing long-term strategies designed to deal with proliferation and asymmetric warfare.

  302. Deutch, John et al. "National Missile Defense: Is There Another Way?" Foreign Policy , no. 119 (Summer, 2000): 91-100.
    Three former top United States defense officials explain why they are not in favor of President Bill Clinton's national missile defense (NMD) proposal. The comparison includes four factors: nature of threat, technical readiness, affordability, and political impact. In conclusion the authors propose an alternative approach to NMD.

  303. Easterbrook, Greg. "Apocryphal Now: The Myth of the Hollow Military." New Republic 223, no. 11 (September 11, 2000): 22-27.
    A presidential campaign issue is the so-called readiness of the US military. Easterbrook claims the US is now the strongest military power ever in existence. He also lists weak points, such as lack of trained pilots and low pay scales that mean fewer recruits in a good economy. He says the military needs procurement reform.

  304. Gray, Colin. "Keeping the Coast Guard Afloat." National Interest , no. 60 (Summer, 2000): 83-87.
    This brief article discusses the current status of the Coast Guard. As the nation's Fifth Service, the Coast Guard accomplishes its mission in a quiet, efficient way. Unfortunately, recent appropriations have not been sufficient to maintain equipment and personnel.

  305. Peters, Ralph. "The Human Terrain of Urban Operations." Parameters 30, no. 1 (Spring, 2000): 4-12.
    The author analyzes three variations of "human architecture" associated with intervention in urban areas. This analysis redirects the planner's traditional focus on terrain to one incorporating a population's attitude and allegiances. The author indicates it is the people and their complexity that will determine the success or failure of military interventions and not the physical environment.

  306. Slocombe, Walter. "The Administration's Approach." Washington Quarterly 23, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 79-85.
    In a question-and-answer format, Mr. Slocombe addresses issues concerning National Missile Defense.

  307. Zinni, Anthony. "A Commander Reflects." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 126, no. 7 (July, 2000): 34+.
    This article is based on an address at the Robert McCormick Tribune Foundation. For the entire address, see http://www.usni.org (under seminars). GEN Zinni discusses his military career, and the changes that the military has undergone from World War II to the present day. He levels blunt criticism at the military establishment, including downsizing, training, and service rivalry.

    United States. Navy -- Communication systems.

  308. Mayo, Dick. "From the Sea to Cyberspace." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 126, no. 10 (October, 2000): 44-48.
    The author, a Rear Admiral, discusses Navy uses of information technology and the future prospects in the Navy for this technology. The Navy-Marine Corps Intranet is due in 2001. Instant messaging is becoming available ship-to-ship in some battle groups. He stresses interoperability with partners.

    United States. Navy -- Information services.

  309. Mayo, Dick. "From the Sea to Cyberspace." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 126, no. 10 (October, 2000): 44-48.
    The author, a Rear Admiral, discusses Navy uses of information technology and the future prospects in the Navy for this technology. The Navy-Marine Corps Intranet is due in 2001. Instant messaging is becoming available ship-to-ship in some battle groups. He stresses interoperability with partners.

    United States. Navy -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.

  310. Benson, Robert. "Missing a Good Thing." All Hands , no. 999 (July, 2000): 28-31.
    Available Online.
    Accounts of four former Navy personnel who returned to active duty after finding that life as a civilian wasn't all that they expected it to be and did not bring an acceptable level of satisfaction, benefits, job security, and/or salary. According to this article they are just part of a wave of Navy veterans returning to the "new" Navy.

    United States. Navy -- Weapons systems.

  311. Train, John. "Facing the Risks: A Realistic Look at Missile Defense." Strategic Review 28, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 4-8.
    Analyzing possible nuclear and alternative threats to the US, the author argues that the Navy's Theater-wide System (NTW) deserves more attention in the national defense context. He concludes that the Navy Area Defense System has a distinct advantage of mobility; blocking threats from different directions as they occur.

    Uzbekistan -- Economic conditions -- 1991-

  312. Spechler, Martic C. "Uzbekistan: The Silk Road to Nowhere?" Contemporary Economic Policy 18, no. 3 (July, 2000): 295-303.
    A discussion of the "Uzbek Road" the economic policy established in Uzbekistan since its independence. The Uzbek government emphasizes "stability at any cost." As such, it has resisted rushing into a free-market economy, and rejected Western assistance. The strategy is marked by selective privatization, and state authority over agriculture and trade.

    War games.

  313. Brewer, Van E. "The Joint Contingency Force Advanced Warfighting Experiment." Army AL&T (July-August 2000 ): 2-4.
    The Joint Contingeny Force Advanced Warfighting Experiment is scheduled for September, 2000. Its intent is to pave the way for more mobile, lethal, survivable, and responsive Army forces. The author tells of the Army's intent to adapt to new missions using information technology, the materiel developer, and the warfighter. This team of industry, civilian and military personnel will enable a laboratory environment to gain critical operational insights before investing heavily in additional development.

    Washington Navy Yard.

  314. Daverede, Alex J. "Two Centuries Under the Eye of the Government." Naval History 14, no. 6 (December, 2000): 45-50.
    NDU's neighboring institution, the Washington Navy Yard, is discussed in this article. It chronicles the growth, development, and changes that have occurred there over 200 years. Its role in the Civil War and in munitions production are highlighted.

    Weapons of mass destruction.

  315. Critchlow, Robert D. "Whom the Gods Would Destroy: An Information Warfare Alternative for Deterrence and Compellence." Naval War College Review 53, no. 3 (Summer, 2000): 21-37.
    The author defines and describes the variations in what is generally called information warfare (IW). He intertwines that type warfare with weapons of mass description that are proliferating, especially in rogue nations, sometimes called NASTIS: Nuclear/biological/chemical/Arming Sponsors of Terrorism and Intervention. IW can be used for rapid interdiction to punish an enemy on its homeland and to target enemy decision-making sites. Would an Information Corps coequal with the other services be a solution?

  316. Falkenrath, Richard. "Weapons of Mass Reaction." Harvard International Review 22, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 52-55.
    The author analyzes the threats posed by 'rogue states' that allegedly possess weapons of mass destruction (WMD). States that fall into this category include Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Libya, Syria, Sudan, Afghanistan, Cuba, and Serbia. Suspected status of key WMD and missile programs of each of these countries is examined.

  317. Payne, Keith B. "The Case for National Missile Defense." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 187-196.
    This article analyzes current pro and con arguments concerning the National Missile Defense ((NMD) system in the United States.

  318. Sokolski, Henry. "Rethinking Bio-Chemical Dangers." Orbis 44, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 207-219.
    This article focuses on today's popular assessment of the chemical and biological weapons threat and what our government should do. The advantage of relying on civilian institutions rather than the military in dealing with domestic terrorism is also discussed.

    World Bank.

  319. Stiglitz, Joseph. "The Insider: What I learned at the World Economic Crisis." New Republic 222, no. 16/17 (April 17/24, 2000): 56-60.
    The author discusses his experience as chief economist at the World Bank, and offers an opinion of the its widespread failure.

    World Trade Organization.

  320. Litan, Robert E. "The 'Globalization' Challenge." Brookings Review 18, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 35-37.
    The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and The World Trade Organization (WTO), both of which the United States (US) helped to create and lead, has recently come under attack from many prominent and influential individuals. They are urging the US to help shape the future of both organizations and the course of the global economy. Although critics argue that a new economic unilateralism must be adopted, they disagree over how it should be done. Their arguments on how the IMF and the WTO can best promote stability and growth to underdeveloped countries are examined.

    World War, 1914-1918 -- Netherlands.

  321. Van Tuyll, Hubert P. "The Dutch Mobilization of 1914: Reading the Enemy's Intentions." The Journal of Military History 64, no. 3 (July, 2000): 711+.
    Prior to World War I, the Netherlands was in a strategically vulnerable position. With German unification and the Anglo-French alliance, they could easily be overun during any conflict between Germany and Britain or France. If they allied themselves with any of the major powers, the Dutch would certainly be involved in the upcoming war. Their only hope was to convince everyone of their neutrality. Accurate information gathering was vital so that their military would be able to make the best use of it. The Dutch were the first Western European country to mobilize and use information gathered from inside Germany. By being well informed, they were prepared and by being prepared they avoided World War I.

    World War, 1939-1945 -- Switzerland.

  322. Helmreich, Jonathan E. "The Bombing of Zurich." Aerospace Power Journal 14, no. 2 (Summer, 2000): 92-108.
    Available Online.
    Allied bombs were dropped in Switzerland during World War II beginning with sporadic incidents in 1943 and escalating until the accidental bombing of Zurich on 4 March 1945. The capital of this neutral country had 12 tons of incendiaries and 12.5 tons of high explosive bombs dropped by six American B-24's. For this act of "friendly fire," the US paid millions and brought court martial proceedings against the officers. Col. James (Jimmy) M. Stewart presided over the court martial. This is thought to be the first time that US soldiers were prosecuted for acts of friendly fire.

  323. Turner, Lisa L. "The Articles of War and the UCMJ." Aerospace Power Journal 14, no. 3 (Fall, 2000): 99-109.
    Available Online.
    This article is a reply to the article, The Bombing of Zurich, by Dr. Jonathan Helmreich in the Summer 2000 issue of Aerospace Power Journal. The article not only addresses the court martial of Lieutenants William R. Sincock and Theodore Q. Balides for the accidental bombing of Zurich, but it goes on to talk about the Articles of War that they were tried by. According to Maj. Turner during World War II, there was an average of one court martial for every eight US service members. President Truman signed the Uniform Code of Military Justice (U.C.M.J.) on 5 May 1950 as a result of the problems encountered during this war.

    Zinni, Anthony C.

  324. Zinni, Anthony. "A Commander Reflects." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 126, no. 7 (July, 2000): 34+.
    This article is based on an address at the Robert McCormick Tribune Foundation. For the entire address, see http://www.usni.org (under seminars). GEN Zinni discusses his military career, and the changes that the military has undergone from World War II to the present day. He levels blunt criticism at the military establishment, including downsizing, training, and service rivalry.