National Defense University Library

CJA 00-01 (February 2000)

    Afghanistan -- Politics and government

  1. Rashid, Ahmed. "The Taliban: Exporting Extremism." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 6 (November/December 1999): 22-35.
    The Taliban has polarized the region. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia back the Taliban regime while Iran, Russia, India and four former Soviet Central Asian republics support the opposition Northern Alliance. The confrontation is producing enormous economic disruption throughout the area according to the author. It is presumptuous and unrealistic for Western nations to believe that oil and gas resources of Central Asia can be safely exploited, without first helping to bring peace to Afghanistan.

    Africa

  2. Gibson, James L. and Amanda Gouws. "Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa: Attributions of Blame and the Struggle over Apartheid." American Political Science Review 93, no. 3 (September, 1999): 501-517.
    South Africa created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to document human rights abuses under apartheid and to grant amnesty to those confessing their heinous crimes. This article researches the question whether South Africans actually accept the theories of blame that underlie the truth and reconciliation process.

    Africa -- Social conditions.

  3. Museveni, Yoweri. "Birth Pangs: Africa in the Coming Millennium." Harvard International Review 21, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 76-80.
    Museveni discusses what Africa must do to rejoin the world community as an equal partner.

    Aluminum industry and trade - Brazil.

  4. Ciccantell, Paul S. "Making Aluminum in the Rainforest: The Socioeconomic Impact of Globalization in the Brazilian Amazon." Journal of Developing Areas 33, no. 2 (Winter, 1999): 175-197.
    New historical materialism argues that the characteristics of particular raw materials and the social processes of extraction, processing, and consumption shape both corporate and state development strategies, as well as the local, national, and international socioeconomic and environmental consequences of these strategies. This theological model is applied in analyzing data from four case studies involving both aluminum and hydroelectric industries.

    Apartheid -- South Africa.

  5. Gibson, James L. and Amanda Gouws. "Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa: Attributions of Blame and the Struggle over Apartheid." American Political Science Review 93, no. 3 (September, 1999): 501-517.
    South Africa created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to document human rights abuses under apartheid and to grant amnesty to those confessing their heinous crimes. This article researches the question whether South Africans actually accept the theories of blame that underlie the truth and reconciliation process.

    Arbitration, International.

  6. Sarkin, Jeremy. "The Necessity and Challenges of Establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Rwanda." Human Rights Quarterly 21, no. 3 (August, 1999): 767-823.
    The author discusses the conflict between the Hutus and the Tutsis, including Rwanda’s legal system and applicable international law. He believes that the only way to reinstate stability, redress human rights violations, and bring about an overall catharsis, is to establish a truth and reconciliation commission. He also suggests ways to create a legitimate commission.

    Aristotle.

  7. Smith, Thomas W. "Aristotle on the Conditions for and Limits of the Common Good ." American Political Science Review 93, no. 3 (September, 1999): 625-636.
    The author suggests that a return to the Aristotelian concept of the "common good" would be beneficial for societies. The "common good " is the bridge between the individual and the community. Injustice is due to unchecked desire and greed, while friendship and sharing resources make life satisfying. Aristotelian theory may be used to critique the politics of regimes.

    Armed Forces - Mobilization.

  8. Hanel, Dieter. "The AFV Industry in the USA." Military Technology 23, no. 10 (October, 1999): 84-91.
    Fortunately, at the end of the Cold War, the AFV industry in the United States was able to successfully consolidate itself. With support from the government, their global position in competition was strengthened. The U.S. AFV industry has seen trend-setting national development, procurement and upgrading programs, as well as foreign projects linked together by both the creation of international cooperation and joint ventures. Since the main emphasis of the U.S. military doctrine is to move a large number of troops rapidly anywhere in the world and to also be able to conduct two major regional conflicts simultaneously, AFV's are a vital factor.

    Armored vehicles, Military.

  9. Hanel, Dieter. "The AFV Industry in the USA." Military Technology 23, no. 10 (October, 1999): 84-91.
    Fortunately, at the end of the Cold War, the AFV industry in the United States was able to successfully consolidate itself. With support from the government, their global position in competition was strengthened. The U.S. AFV industry has seen trend-setting national development, procurement and upgrading programs, as well as foreign projects linked together by both the creation of international cooperation and joint ventures. Since the main emphasis of the U.S. military doctrine is to move a large number of troops rapidly anywhere in the world and to also be able to conduct two major regional conflicts simultaneously, AFV's are a vital factor.

    Astronautics, Military -- United States.

  10. Gray, Colin S. and John B. Sheldon. "Space Power and the Revolution in Military Affairs: A Glass Half Full?" Airpower Journal 13, no. 3 (Fall, 1999): 23-38.
    In this article the authors discuss the critical importance of space power for US military operations. They examine some of the key assumptions related to the space power debate and argue that space must be identified as a geographical environment.

    Balance of Trade - Brazil.

  11. Zdanowicz, John, Simon Pak, and Michael Sullivan. "Brazil-United States Trade: Capital Flight Through Abnormal Pricing." The International Trade Journal 13, no. 4 (Winter, 1999): 423-443.
    Includes many statistical tables detailing trade of merchandise between the U.S. and Brazil. Proof is offered that between 10-20% of the total 1995 commodity trade represented capital flight from Brazil to the U.S. Some suggestions are given on reducing this amount.

    Balance of Trade - United States.

  12. Zdanowicz, John, Simon Pak, and Michael Sullivan. "Brazil-United States Trade: Capital Flight Through Abnormal Pricing." The International Trade Journal 13, no. 4 (Winter, 1999): 423-443.
    Includes many statistical tables detailing trade of merchandise between the U.S. and Brazil. Proof is offered that between 10-20% of the total 1995 commodity trade represented capital flight from Brazil to the U.S. Some suggestions are given on reducing this amount.

    Balkan Peninsula - Economic conditions.

  13. Steil, Benn and Susan L. Woodward. "A European 'New Deal' for the Balkans ." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 6 (November/December 1999): 95-105.
    The basis for long-term stability and non-nationalistist politics in southeastern Europe lies in its economics; the picture is black. Sound money and free trade are essential in raising living standards and halting the trend of nationalistic politics.

    Balkan Peninsula -- History -- 20th century.

  14. Bandow, Doug. "NATO's Balkan Disaster: Wilsonian Warmongering Gone Mad." Mediterranean Quarterly 10, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 70-88.
    Explains why the Clinton administration and its allies have committed the greatest foreign policy mistake in 20 years rivaling the Soviet decision to invade Afghanistan.

    Balkan Peninsula - Politics and government.

  15. Agh, Attila. "Process of Democratization in the East Central European and Balkan States: Sovereignty-Related Conflicts in the Context of Europeanization." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 32, no. 3 (September, 1999): 263-279.
    The article discusses the democratic transitions of six East Central European (ECE) States and six Balkan States. The label "past-communist states" blurs the many differences among the new democracies in Central and Eastern Europe with the same states (Romania, Bulgaria and Macedonia) getting closer to ECE developments while other states (Albania, Bosnia, and Serbia) will struggle for a long time.

  16. Steil, Benn and Susan L. Woodward. "A European 'New Deal' for the Balkans ." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 6 (November/December 1999): 95-105.
    The basis for long-term stability and non-nationalistist politics in southeastern Europe lies in its economics; the picture is black. Sound money and free trade are essential in raising living standards and halting the trend of nationalistic politics.

    Ballistic missile defenses.

  17. James, L. P. "No Silver Bullet in Missile Defense." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 125, no. 12 (December, 1999): 39-43.
    There are two views about conducting ballistic missile defense - attack operations school and the active defense school. In this article the author discusses the pros and cons of each.

  18. Towell, Pat. "Can U.S. Build Missile Shield Without Shredding a Treaty?" Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report 57, no. 47 (December 4, 1999): 2914-2919.
    President Clinton's challenge is to persuade Russia and the Senate to make changes to the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty which would provide for limited anti-missile defense. In this article the author discusses the missile defense plan and some proposals from lawmakers.

    Biological warfare.

  19. Tucker, Jonathan B. and Amy Sands. "An Unlikely Threat." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 55, no. 4 (July/August 1999): 46-52.
    Popular culture may exaggerate the domestic threat from biological and chemical terrorism. The authors studied known cases. Most were hoaxes. In their research, they are trying to discern terrorist motivations and behavior patterns.

    Brazil - Economic conditions - 1985-

  20. Ciccantell, Paul S. "Making Aluminum in the Rainforest: The Socioeconomic Impact of Globalization in the Brazilian Amazon." Journal of Developing Areas 33, no. 2 (Winter, 1999): 175-197.
    New historical materialism argues that the characteristics of particular raw materials and the social processes of extraction, processing, and consumption shape both corporate and state development strategies, as well as the local, national, and international socioeconomic and environmental consequences of these strategies. This theological model is applied in analyzing data from four case studies involving both aluminum and hydroelectric industries.

  21. Zdanowicz, John, Simon Pak, and Michael Sullivan. "Brazil-United States Trade: Capital Flight Through Abnormal Pricing." The International Trade Journal 13, no. 4 (Winter, 1999): 423-443.
    Includes many statistical tables detailing trade of merchandise between the U.S. and Brazil. Proof is offered that between 10-20% of the total 1995 commodity trade represented capital flight from Brazil to the U.S. Some suggestions are given on reducing this amount.

    Caldera, Louis.

  22. Soto, Onell R. "All He Can Be." Hispanic 12, no. 11 (November, 1999): 58-60.
    Military recruitment in Spanish language media is one of the ways in which Secretary of the Army Louis Caldera is tackling the problem of finding new soldiers. He has also encouraged the Army to increase training to help qualified and motivated potential recruits get their GED. Biographical information on Caldera is also given.

    Canada - History - Fenian Invasions, 1866-1870.

  23. Smith, P. G. "Fenian Invasions of Canada." Military History 16, no. 6 (February, 2000): 50+.
    The Fenians had a very ambitious plan. Shortly after the American Civil War, Irish Americans joined together to face a common enemy - the British in Canada. Their plan was to take major cities and centers of transportation thereby forcing the British Empire to either negotiate for Ireland's independence or send troops to Canada. Fewer troops close to Ireland would enable Ireland to revolt.

    Chemical warfare.

  24. Tucker, Jonathan B. and Amy Sands. "An Unlikely Threat." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 55, no. 4 (July/August 1999): 46-52.
    Popular culture may exaggerate the domestic threat from biological and chemical terrorism. The authors studied known cases. Most were hoaxes. In their research, they are trying to discern terrorist motivations and behavior patterns.

    Civil-military relations.

  25. Dahl, Erik J. "The Mirror is Cracked, Not Broken." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 125, no. 12 (December, 1999): 34-38.
    In this article the author analyzes the debate between civil-military relations. He provides several reasons for the gap - social, geographic, and demographic. Historical examples are given.

    Civil-military relations - Asia.

  26. Bracken, Paul. "Asia's Militaries and the New Nuclear Age." Current History 98, no. 632 (December, 1999): 415-421.
    A discussion of reform, downsizing and modernization of Asian armies, especially China. A major instrument in throwing off the colonial yoke, many of these armies are now the dominant institution in their respective countries, influential in politics and business. Sheer size has made them subject to military inefficiency, bureaucracy and corruption.

    Combined operations (Military science).

  27. Goodman, Glenn W. "Chief Advocate for Jointness ." Armed Forces Journal International 137, no. 5 (December, 1999): 32-35.
    In this article, Armed Forces Journal International (AFJI) conducts an interview with Admiral Harold W. Gehman, Jr., USN, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Joint Forces Command. Admiral Gehman discusses several issues including the joint warfighting experimentation role, future joint experiments, joint task training, and lessons in jointness.

    Commissions of inquiry, International.

  28. Sarkin, Jeremy. "The Necessity and Challenges of Establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Rwanda." Human Rights Quarterly 21, no. 3 (August, 1999): 767-823.
    The author discusses the conflict between the Hutus and the Tutsis, including Rwanda’s legal system and applicable international law. He believes that the only way to reinstate stability, redress human rights violations, and bring about an overall catharsis, is to establish a truth and reconciliation commission. He also suggests ways to create a legitimate commission.

    Comparative government - Moral and ethical aspects.

  29. Donnelly, Jack. "Human Rights, Democracy, and Development ." Human Rights Quarterly 21, no. 3 (August, 1999): 608-632.
    The legitimacy of governments is measured by whether or not a regime fosters human rights and democracy, and whether or not it ensures prosperity through development. The author sees the welfare state as an essential part of the admirable liberal democracy.

    Competition, International.

  30. Blinder, Alan S. "Eight Steps to a New Financial Order." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 5 (September/October 1999): 50-63.
    Blinder argues that the global financial system is fatally flawed and needs reform. The system must be redrawn to stabilize markets before they spin out of control. He outlines an eight-point plan for reforms which uses existing institutions and respects current notions of national sovereignty.

  31. Friedman, Thomas L. "Dueling Globalizations." Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 110-127.
    Thomas L. Friedman and Ignacio Ramonet debate the merits and drawbacks of globalization.

    Computer Crimes.

  32. Hancock, Bill. "Security Views." Computers and Security 18, no. 7: 553-564.
    Features several short articles on security subjects. Some of special interest are: "US Crypto Export Restrictions Ending;" "US Pentagon Prepares for Y2K Attacks;" "First "Official" Cyberwar: Kosovo vs. NATO;" "DoD Creates Cybercrime Forencis Lab Facility" and "Spread of "Cyberweapons" Will Aid Terrorism Efforts." .

    Computer managed instruction.

  33. Kiser, Kim. "10 Things We Know So Far About Online Training." Training 36, no. 11 (November, 1999): 66-74.
    In this article the author proposes ten "lessons learned" for web-based training. Issues addressed include training on your own time, keeping lessons short, and providing the human touch.

    Computer Security.

  34. Adams, Anne and Martina Angela Sasse. "Users Are Not the Enemy." Communications of the ACM 42, no. 12 (December, 1999): 41-46.
    Passwords are one of the authentication mechanisms used to safeguard access to information. The author believes that hackers are using social engineering techniques to obtain passwords and that security designers are not giving enough thought to this problem.

  35. Hancock, Bill. "Security Views." Computers and Security 18, no. 7: 553-564.
    Features several short articles on security subjects. Some of special interest are: "US Crypto Export Restrictions Ending;" "US Pentagon Prepares for Y2K Attacks;" "First "Official" Cyberwar: Kosovo vs. NATO;" "DoD Creates Cybercrime Forencis Lab Facility" and "Spread of "Cyberweapons" Will Aid Terrorism Efforts." .

    Computers - Access control - Passwords.

  36. Adams, Anne and Martina Angela Sasse. "Users Are Not the Enemy." Communications of the ACM 42, no. 12 (December, 1999): 41-46.
    Passwords are one of the authentication mechanisms used to safeguard access to information. The author believes that hackers are using social engineering techniques to obtain passwords and that security designers are not giving enough thought to this problem.

    Conservatism - United States.

  37. Huntington, Samuel P. "Robust Nationalism." National Interest , no. 58 (Winter 1999/2000): 31-40.
    The focus of this article is conservatism and foreign policy. There are two types of conservatism - classic and doctrinal. Huntington addresses the differences between them. He also provides a list of key principles from Rossiter's Conservatism in America, which classic and doctrinal conservatism have in common.

  38. Kitfield, James. "The Folk Who Live on the Hill." National Interest , no. 58 (Winter 1999/2000): 48-55.
    This article is one of several which address conservatism and foreign policy. The author discusses changes that have evolved in Republican thinking. He also provides an historical perspective of the isolationism/internationalism debates between the legislative and executive branches.

  39. Mead, Walter Russell. "The Jacksonian Tradition and American Foreign Policy." National Interest , no. 58 (Winter 1999/2000): 5-29.
    In this article the author provides historical background to American foreign policy which has been greatly influenced by Andrew Jackson. He examines Jacksonian beliefs and values and how they influence American domestic policy as well.

    Copyright - Databases.

  40. Lipinski, Tomas A. "An Argument for the Application of Copyright Law to Distance Education." American Journal of Distance Education 13, no. 3 (1999): 7-21.
    In this article the author examines the legal ramifications of applying copyright law to distance education. He addresses web-based instruction and electronic reserves. In conclusion, he proposes some possible features that be might be included in new legislation.

    Corporate culture.

  41. Pfeifer, Jeffrey and John F. Veiga. "Putting People First for Organizational Success." Academy of Management Executive 13, no. 2 (May, 1999): 37-48.
    Workplace studies have demonstrated the enormous economic rewards available to companies and organizations which recognize that their employees are their most valuable asset. Unfortunately, current trends in management practice are actually moving away from these principles placing more emphasis on products and marketing. The author explains why managers today, to be successful, must realize that people are the most important asset.

    Cryptography.

  42. Budiansky, Stephen. "Too Late for Pearl Harbor ." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 125, no. 12 (December, 1999): 47-51.
    This article discusses one of the most researched mysteries of World War II - the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. What did the cryptologists really know, could they have prevented what happened, what did they do later to help the Pacific war effort?

    Debts, External.

  43. Hausmann, Ricardo. "Should There Be Five Currencies or One Hundred and Five?" Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 65-79.
    A world of supranational currencies would be more stable and safer for capital mobility. Hausmann explains the benefits of a country abandoning its national currency in favor of the dollar or the euro or the yen.

    Defense industries - United States.

  44. Cooper, Mary H. and Adriel Bettelheim. "Defense and Space: The Challenges Ahead." CQ Outlook (Supplement to CQ Weekly) (September 11, 1999)
    Congressional Quarterly provides a special supplement dedicated to the challenges ahead for Defense and Space. The authors address three elements for each topic including the issues, the current situation, and the future outlook. Also included are two brief bibliographies.

  45. Hanel, Dieter. "The AFV Industry in the USA." Military Technology 23, no. 10 (October, 1999): 84-91.
    Fortunately, at the end of the Cold War, the AFV industry in the United States was able to successfully consolidate itself. With support from the government, their global position in competition was strengthened. The U.S. AFV industry has seen trend-setting national development, procurement and upgrading programs, as well as foreign projects linked together by both the creation of international cooperation and joint ventures. Since the main emphasis of the U.S. military doctrine is to move a large number of troops rapidly anywhere in the world and to also be able to conduct two major regional conflicts simultaneously, AFV's are a vital factor.

  46. Kresa, Kent. "Process Through Process: The American Industrial Engine and the US Military." Armed Forces Journal International 137, no. 5 (December, 1999): 14-17.
    In this article the author provides his thoughts on the challenges that face the defense industry. He feels strongly about the military improving the "teeth-to-tail" ratio. Critical issues are competition and market loss. In conclusion, the author proposes a possible solution --attacking vertical integration.

    Deforestation - Panama.

  47. Mencher, Marissa. "The Panama Canal: Danger Ahead." Journal of Environment & Development 8, no. 4 (December, 1999): 407-415.
    Programs sponsored by international organizations supporting environmental protection and providing long-term operating resources are needed by Panama. Massive deforestation is endangering the watershed areas and, only with help can, Panama hope to protect them.

    Democratization.

  48. Mitchell, Sara McLaughlin, Scott Gates, and Havard Hegre. "Evolution in Democracy-War Dynamics ." Journal of Conflict Resolution 43, no. 6 (December, 1999): 771-792.
    Kant's analytical perspective is reflected by the author's research on both the evolutionary and endogenous relationship between democracy and war at the system level. They propose that democratization will usually follow war and that it will decrease the systematic amount of war. They also propose that both the pacific and substantive impact of democracy on war will increase over time. Seven graphs are included.

  49. Shadlen, Kenneth C. "Continuity Amid Change: Democratization, Party Strategies and Economic Policy-Making in Mexico." Government and Opposition 34, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 397-419.
    Kenneth Shadlen describes the process of democratization in Mexico as an example of a negotiated transition. The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) lost its long-held majority in 1997. Nevertheless, the nature of the political process has not changed substantially. Despite major reform, the ordinary citizen is still vulnerable to harassment by the police and the military, and lacks access to the legal system.

    Economic forecasting.

  50. Derosa, David. "The Capital Mistress: Free-markets Models and the Global Economy." Harvard International Review 21, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 48-51.
    The author forecasts what the dominant global economic model will be for the new century.

    Economics - Sociological aspects.

  51. Ciccantell, Paul S. "Making Aluminum in the Rainforest: The Socioeconomic Impact of Globalization in the Brazilian Amazon." Journal of Developing Areas 33, no. 2 (Winter, 1999): 175-197.
    New historical materialism argues that the characteristics of particular raw materials and the social processes of extraction, processing, and consumption shape both corporate and state development strategies, as well as the local, national, and international socioeconomic and environmental consequences of these strategies. This theological model is applied in analyzing data from four case studies involving both aluminum and hydroelectric industries.

    Employee empowerment.

  52. Pfeifer, Jeffrey and John F. Veiga. "Putting People First for Organizational Success." Academy of Management Executive 13, no. 2 (May, 1999): 37-48.
    Workplace studies have demonstrated the enormous economic rewards available to companies and organizations which recognize that their employees are their most valuable asset. Unfortunately, current trends in management practice are actually moving away from these principles placing more emphasis on products and marketing. The author explains why managers today, to be successful, must realize that people are the most important asset.

    Employee loyalty.

  53. Dessler, Gary. "How to Earn Your Employees' Commitment ." Academy of Management Executive 13, no. 2 (May, 1999): 58-67.
    Gary Dessler gives the why and how of employee commitment. He recommends clear communication of mission, fairness, creating a community with shared values, developing employees, fostering job security, and placing people first. Some of the firms discussed are: Prentice-Hall, Saturn Corporation, Ben & Jerry's, J.C. Penney, Toyota, Goldman Sachs, Federal EXpress, Delta Airlines, and Mary Kay Cosmetics.

    Employee motivation.

  54. Luthans, Fred and Alexander D. Stajkovic. "Reinforce for Performance: The Need to go Beyond Pay and Even Rewards." Academy of Management Executive 13, no. 2 (May, 1999): 49-57.
    Fred Luthans and Alexander Stajkovic describe organizational behavior management with financial and other types of rewards.

    End-user computing.

  55. Adams, Anne and Martina Angela Sasse. "Users Are Not the Enemy." Communications of the ACM 42, no. 12 (December, 1999): 41-46.
    Passwords are one of the authentication mechanisms used to safeguard access to information. The author believes that hackers are using social engineering techniques to obtain passwords and that security designers are not giving enough thought to this problem.

    Environmental protection - Panama.

  56. Mencher, Marissa. "The Panama Canal: Danger Ahead." Journal of Environment & Development 8, no. 4 (December, 1999): 407-415.
    Programs sponsored by international organizations supporting environmental protection and providing long-term operating resources are needed by Panama. Massive deforestation is endangering the watershed areas and, only with help can, Panama hope to protect them.

    Ethics.

  57. Gentry, John A. "The Cancer of Human Rights." Washington Quarterly 22, no. 4 (Autumn, 1999): 95-112.
    When couched in nationalistic terms human rights are incending. This article discusses the problems of the different definitions of human rights in the world and how this contributes to additional conflict.

  58. Smith, Thomas W. "Aristotle on the Conditions for and Limits of the Common Good ." American Political Science Review 93, no. 3 (September, 1999): 625-636.
    The author suggests that a return to the Aristotelian concept of the "common good" would be beneficial for societies. The "common good " is the bridge between the individual and the community. Injustice is due to unchecked desire and greed, while friendship and sharing resources make life satisfying. Aristotelian theory may be used to critique the politics of regimes.

    Europe - Armed Forces.

  59. Roskin, Michael G. "The Emerging Europe: Power Configurations for the Next Century." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): 86-97.
    This article gives a brief historical review of the several power systems that have operated in Europe for over a century. In conclusion, he proposes eight possible scenarios with implications for the U.S.

    Europe -- Defenses.

  60. Mathiopoulos, Margarita and Istvan Gyarmati. "Saint Malo and Beyond: Toward European Defense." Washington Quarterly 22, no. 4 (Autumn, 1999): 65-76.
    The Saint Malo declaration proposed that Europe's joint defense be handled through the EU. The question becomes should common defense become the core function of defense cooperation within the EU, or should its function be limited to peackekeeping? The ESDI, or European Security and Defense Identity, requires a rightful contribution in economic, political and military terms. Otherwise, Europe will become a colony of the United States and not an equal partner.

  61. Roskin, Michael G. "The Emerging Europe: Power Configurations for the Next Century." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): 86-97.
    This article gives a brief historical review of the several power systems that have operated in Europe for over a century. In conclusion, he proposes eight possible scenarios with implications for the U.S.

    Europe -- Defenses.

  62. Prizel, Ilya. "The First Decade after the Collapse of Communism: Why Did Some Nations Succeed in Their Political and Economic Transformations While Others Failed?" SAIS Review 19, no. 2 (Summer/Fall 1999): 1-15.
    The article discusses the causes for the growing economic gap between Central Europe (Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republics) and Eastern Europe (Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Romania and Bulgaria).

    Europe, Eastern - Politics and government.

  63. Agh, Attila. "Process of Democratization in the East Central European and Balkan States: Sovereignty-Related Conflicts in the Context of Europeanization." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 32, no. 3 (September, 1999): 263-279.
    The article discusses the democratic transitions of six East Central European (ECE) States and six Balkan States. The label "past-communist states" blurs the many differences among the new democracies in Central and Eastern Europe with the same states (Romania, Bulgaria and Macedonia) getting closer to ECE developments while other states (Albania, Bosnia, and Serbia) will struggle for a long time.

    Europe - Foreign relations - United States.

  64. Roskin, Michael G. "The Emerging Europe: Power Configurations for the Next Century." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): 86-97.
    This article gives a brief historical review of the several power systems that have operated in Europe for over a century. In conclusion, he proposes eight possible scenarios with implications for the U.S.

    Europe -- Defenses.

  65. Mathiopoulos, Margarita and Istvan Gyarmati. "Saint Malo and Beyond: Toward European Defense." Washington Quarterly 22, no. 4 (Autumn, 1999): 65-76.
    The Saint Malo declaration proposed that Europe's joint defense be handled through the EU. The question becomes should common defense become the core function of defense cooperation within the EU, or should its function be limited to peackekeeping? The ESDI, or European Security and Defense Identity, requires a rightful contribution in economic, political and military terms. Otherwise, Europe will become a colony of the United States and not an equal partner.

    Evolutionary computation - History.

  66. Sipper, Moshe. "Notes on the Origin of Evolutionary Computation ." Complexity 4, no. 5 (May/June 1999): 15-21.
    Moshe Sipper applies Darwinian concepts to computing. Evolutionary algorithms began in the 1950s and took as their basic principle the law of the survival of the fittest.

    Executive power - United States.

  67. Moe, Terry M. and William G. Howell. "Unilaterial Action and Presidential Power: A Theory." Presidential Studies Quarterly 29, no. 4 (December, 1999): 850-872.
    Research is presented on the presidency and, in particular, on the important aspect of the president's powers of unilateral action.

    Exports - Brazil.

  68. Zdanowicz, John, Simon Pak, and Michael Sullivan. "Brazil-United States Trade: Capital Flight Through Abnormal Pricing." The International Trade Journal 13, no. 4 (Winter, 1999): 423-443.
    Includes many statistical tables detailing trade of merchandise between the U.S. and Brazil. Proof is offered that between 10-20% of the total 1995 commodity trade represented capital flight from Brazil to the U.S. Some suggestions are given on reducing this amount.

    Exports - United States.

  69. Zdanowicz, John, Simon Pak, and Michael Sullivan. "Brazil-United States Trade: Capital Flight Through Abnormal Pricing." The International Trade Journal 13, no. 4 (Winter, 1999): 423-443.
    Includes many statistical tables detailing trade of merchandise between the U.S. and Brazil. Proof is offered that between 10-20% of the total 1995 commodity trade represented capital flight from Brazil to the U.S. Some suggestions are given on reducing this amount.

    Falck, Wolfgang.

  70. Heaton, Colin D. "Luftwaffe's Father of the Night Fighters." Military History 16, no. 6 (February, 2000): 42-48.
    Wolfgang Falck, a Germany World War II fighter pilot, introduced many aviation firsts such as on-board aerial radar-detection systems. His involvements in crating night flying in the Germany Luftwaffe in order to combat night bombings by British aircraft is discussed in this interview. Falck had a long, varied and interesting career, retiring at 75 from McDonnell-Douglas.

    Fenians.

  71. Smith, P. G. "Fenian Invasions of Canada." Military History 16, no. 6 (February, 2000): 50+.
    The Fenians had a very ambitious plan. Shortly after the American Civil War, Irish Americans joined together to face a common enemy - the British in Canada. Their plan was to take major cities and centers of transportation thereby forcing the British Empire to either negotiate for Ireland's independence or send troops to Canada. Fewer troops close to Ireland would enable Ireland to revolt.

    Financial crises -- Prevention.

  72. Beddoes, Zanny Minton. "The International Financial System." Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 16-27.
    Beddoes examines the underlying causes of the world's financial crisis, and counters current arguments that call for a new global financial architecture. He suggests the need for specific reforms, rather than a radical restructuring.

    Financial institutions, International.

  73. Beddoes, Zanny Minton. "The International Financial System." Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 16-27.
    Beddoes examines the underlying causes of the world's financial crisis, and counters current arguments that call for a new global financial architecture. He suggests the need for specific reforms, rather than a radical restructuring.

    Foreign exchange.

  74. Hausmann, Ricardo. "Should There Be Five Currencies or One Hundred and Five?" Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 65-79.
    A world of supranational currencies would be more stable and safer for capital mobility. Hausmann explains the benefits of a country abandoning its national currency in favor of the dollar or the euro or the yen.

  75. Sachs, Jeffrey and Felipe Larrain. "Why Dollarization Is More Straitjacket Than Salvation." Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 80-92.
    Economic crashes around the world have prompted the idea of abandonment of these countries' currencies in favor of a stronger one, such as the US dollar. Sachs and Larrain discuss this proposal in detail.

    Former Soviet republics - Armed Forces.

  76. Parchomenko, Walter. "The State of Russia's Armed Forces and Military Reform." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): 98-110.
    The biggest problem facing the Russian armed forces today is socioeconomic - individual survival. There are very low living standards, persistent shortages of housing, low wages that go unpaid for months and poor social security provisions. And the combat readiness of the armed forces has continued to deteriorate. This means a greater reliance on strategic nuclear forces in their calculations.

    Former Soviet republics - Politics and government.

  77. Weitz, Richard. "Managing an Unpredictable Moscow." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000 ): 72-85.
    This article describes the three types of regimes which could rule Russia during the next two decades. Strategies are then outlined which would help the United States to cope with them.

    Free trade.

  78. Friedman, Thomas L. "Dueling Globalizations." Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 110-127.
    Thomas L. Friedman and Ignacio Ramonet debate the merits and drawbacks of globalization.

    Generals -- Confederate States of America

  79. Cozzens, Peter and Michael Haynes. "Smokescreen at Honey Hill." Civil War Times Illustrated 38, no. 7 (February, 2000): 32-38.
    The authors describe valiant efforts of the Confederate soldiers who defended the coast between Charleston, South Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia, under the leadership of Lieutenant General William J. Hardee in the late autumn of 1864.

    Genocide -- Rwanda.

  80. Sarkin, Jeremy. "The Necessity and Challenges of Establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Rwanda." Human Rights Quarterly 21, no. 3 (August, 1999): 767-823.

    The author discusses the conflict between the Hutus and the Tutsis, including Rwanda’s legal system and applicable international law. He believes that the only way to reinstate stability, redress human rights violations, and bring about an overall catharsis, is to establish a truth and reconciliation commission. He also suggests ways to create a legitimate commission.

    Geographic Information Systems.

  81. Wood, William B. "Geography: A Lesson for Diplomats." Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 23, no. 2 (Fall, 1999): 5-20.
    William Wood, the State Department geographer, gives a survey of current foreign policy goals and explains how improved geographic information systems should be able to assist diplomacy now and in the future.

    Germany - History - 20th Century.

  82. Heaton, Colin D. "Luftwaffe's Father of the Night Fighters." Military History 16, no. 6 (February, 2000): 42-48.
    Wolfgang Falck, a Germany World War II fighter pilot, introduced many aviation firsts such as on-board aerial radar-detection systems. His involvements in crating night flying in the Germany Luftwaffe in order to combat night bombings by British aircraft is discussed in this interview. Falck had a long, varied and interesting career, retiring at 75 from McDonnell-Douglas.

    Human rights.

  83. Donnelly, Jack. "Human Rights, Democracy, and Development ." Human Rights Quarterly 21, no. 3 (August, 1999): 608-632.
    The legitimacy of governments is measured by whether or not a regime fosters human rights and democracy, and whether or not it ensures prosperity through development. The author sees the welfare state as an essential part of the admirable liberal democracy.

  84. Dunlap, Charles J. Jr. "Technology: Recomplicating Moral Life for the Nation's Defenders." Parameters 29, no. 3 (Autumn, 1999): 24-53.
    Dunlap examines the moral conundrums 21st century statesmen and soldiers may face that are generated by technological advances. It also assesses the effect of high-tech war on the existing law of armed conflict.

  85. Gentry, John A. "The Cancer of Human Rights." Washington Quarterly 22, no. 4 (Autumn, 1999): 95-112.
    When couched in nationalistic terms human rights are incending. This article discusses the problems of the different definitions of human rights in the world and how this contributes to additional conflict.

  86. Gibson, James L. and Amanda Gouws. "Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa: Attributions of Blame and the Struggle over Apartheid." American Political Science Review 93, no. 3 (September, 1999): 501-517.
    South Africa created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to document human rights abuses under apartheid and to grant amnesty to those confessing their heinous crimes. This article researches the question whether South Africans actually accept the theories of blame that underlie the truth and reconciliation process.

  87. Sarkin, Jeremy. "The Necessity and Challenges of Establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Rwanda." Human Rights Quarterly 21, no. 3 (August, 1999): 767-823.
    The author discusses the conflict between the Hutus and the Tutsis, including Rwanda’s legal system and applicable international law. He believes that the only way to reinstate stability, redress human rights violations, and bring about an overall catharsis, is to establish a truth and reconciliation commission. He also suggests ways to create a legitimate commission.

  88. Seaton, Jean. "Why Do We Think The Serbs Do It? The New 'Ethnic' Wars and the Media ." Political Quarterly 70, no. 3 (July-September 1999): 254-270.
    There is more news in the world and it is disseminated more powerfully, but it is also produced by less specialized, more general reporters. These journalists have used 'ethnicity' to explain why contemporary conflicts are irresolvable. However it is not the differences between groups that have caused the wars, but the purposes for which these differences are used.

    Humanitarian assistance - Philosophy.

  89. Weiss, Thomas G. "Principles, Politics, and Humanitarian Action." Ethics and International Affairs (annual) 13 (1999): 1-22.
    The traditional precepts of humanitarian action (neutrality, impartiality and consent of the host nation) do not fit so well into today's world. The author considers himself a "political humanitarian," while classicists (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) believe that humanitarian action should be completely separate from politics. Some would like to link aid and assistance to conflict resolution, but this is often impractical.

    Hydroelectric power plants - Brazil.

  90. Ciccantell, Paul S. "Making Aluminum in the Rainforest: The Socioeconomic Impact of Globalization in the Brazilian Amazon." Journal of Developing Areas 33, no. 2 (Winter, 1999): 175-197.
    New historical materialism argues that the characteristics of particular raw materials and the social processes of extraction, processing, and consumption shape both corporate and state development strategies, as well as the local, national, and international socioeconomic and environmental consequences of these strategies. This theological model is applied in analyzing data from four case studies involving both aluminum and hydroelectric industries.

    Imports - Brazil.

  91. Zdanowicz, John, Simon Pak, and Michael Sullivan. "Brazil-United States Trade: Capital Flight Through Abnormal Pricing." The International Trade Journal 13, no. 4 (Winter, 1999): 423-443.
    Includes many statistical tables detailing trade of merchandise between the U.S. and Brazil. Proof is offered that between 10-20% of the total 1995 commodity trade represented capital flight from Brazil to the U.S. Some suggestions are given on reducing this amount.

    Imports - United States.

  92. Zdanowicz, John, Simon Pak, and Michael Sullivan. "Brazil-United States Trade: Capital Flight Through Abnormal Pricing." The International Trade Journal 13, no. 4 (Winter, 1999): 423-443.
    Includes many statistical tables detailing trade of merchandise between the U.S. and Brazil. Proof is offered that between 10-20% of the total 1995 commodity trade represented capital flight from Brazil to the U.S. Some suggestions are given on reducing this amount.

    India - Foreign relations - Pakistan.

  93. Rose, Alexander. "Paradise Lost: The Ordeal of Kashir." National Interest , no. 58 (Winter 1999/2000): 88-96.
    This article provides a history and background on the Kashmir conflict. The problem originated with the British partition and creation of India and Pakistan as independent states in 1947. Both India and Pakistan claim the strategically-located Muslim-dominated areas of Kashmir and Jammu, based on the accession decision of 1947. Kashmir is considered a vital key to national identity in both countries, and to allow it to secede from India could possibly lead to other secessionist actions based on religion.

    Industrial mobilization - United States.

  94. Hanel, Dieter. "The AFV Industry in the USA." Military Technology 23, no. 10 (October, 1999): 84-91.
    Fortunately, at the end of the Cold War, the AFV industry in the United States was able to successfully consolidate itself. With support from the government, their global position in competition was strengthened. The U.S. AFV industry has seen trend-setting national development, procurement and upgrading programs, as well as foreign projects linked together by both the creation of international cooperation and joint ventures. Since the main emphasis of the U.S. military doctrine is to move a large number of troops rapidly anywhere in the world and to also be able to conduct two major regional conflicts simultaneously, AFV's are a vital factor.

    Information superhighway - Law and legislation.

  95. Lipinski, Tomas A. "An Argument for the Application of Copyright Law to Distance Education." American Journal of Distance Education 13, no. 3 (1999): 7-21.
    In this article the author examines the legal ramifications of applying copyright law to distance education. He addresses web-based instruction and electronic reserves. In conclusion, he proposes some possible features that be might be included in new legislation.

    Information technology - United States.

  96. Costello, Mark, Michael Moynihan, Ron Sege, Alan Westin, and Colin Harrison. "The Searchable Soul: Privacy in the Age of Information Technology." Harpers Magazine 300, no. 1796 (January, 2000): 57-68.
    The article discusses the potential problems of taking information supplied by individuals from web searching and making it accessible to anyone. In the future, privacy will be available for a price, but only a few will be able to afford it.

    Information warfare.

  97. Hancock, Bill. "Security Views." Computers and Security 18, no. 7: 553-564.
    Features several short articles on security subjects. Some of special interest are: "US Crypto Export Restrictions Ending;" "US Pentagon Prepares for Y2K Attacks;" "First "Official" Cyberwar: Kosovo vs. NATO;" "DoD Creates Cybercrime Forencis Lab Facility" and "Spread of "Cyberweapons" Will Aid Terrorism Efforts." .

    Internal security -- Africa.

  98. Museveni, Yoweri. "Birth Pangs: Africa in the Coming Millennium." Harvard International Review 21, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 76-80.
    Museveni discusses what Africa must do to rejoin the world community as an equal partner.

    International business enterprises - Forecasting.

  99. Hormats, Robert D. "High Velocity." Harvard International Review 21, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 36-41.
    Hormats highlights the projected differences between the markets of the 20th and 21st centuries, and outlines the keys to success in the business world for the new millennium.

    International Committee of the Red Cross.

  100. Weiss, Thomas G. "Principles, Politics, and Humanitarian Action." Ethics and International Affairs (annual) 13 (1999): 1-22.
    The traditional precepts of humanitarian action (neutrality, impartiality and consent of the host nation) do not fit so well into today's world. The author considers himself a "political humanitarian," while classicists (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) believe that humanitarian action should be completely separate from politics. Some would like to link aid and assistance to conflict resolution, but this is often impractical.

    International economic integration.

  101. Enriquez, Juan. "Too Many Flags?" Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 30-49.
    Contrary to popular perception, the wave of secessionism that is sweeping across the world today is not simply a product of ancient nationalist impulses or catastrophic unrest. It is also being driven, in part, by globalization. This article explores factors causing the world to break down into its component parts.

    International economic relations.

  102. Friedman, Thomas L. "Dueling Globalizations." Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 110-127.
    Thomas L. Friedman and Ignacio Ramonet debate the merits and drawbacks of globalization.

    International economic relations -- Forecasting.

  103. Derosa, David. "The Capital Mistress: Free-markets Models and the Global Economy." Harvard International Review 21, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 48-51.
    The author forecasts what the dominant global economic model will be for the new century.

    International finance.

  104. Beddoes, Zanny Minton. "The International Financial System." Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 16-27.
    Beddoes examines the underlying causes of the world's financial crisis, and counters current arguments that call for a new global financial architecture. He suggests the need for specific reforms, rather than a radical restructuring.

  105. Blinder, Alan S. "Eight Steps to a New Financial Order." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 5 (September/October 1999): 50-63.
    Blinder argues that the global financial system is fatally flawed and needs reform. The system must be redrawn to stabilize markets before they spin out of control. He outlines an eight-point plan for reforms which uses existing institutions and respects current notions of national sovereignty.

  106. Hausmann, Ricardo. "Should There Be Five Currencies or One Hundred and Five?" Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 65-79.
    A world of supranational currencies would be more stable and safer for capital mobility. Hausmann explains the benefits of a country abandoning its national currency in favor of the dollar or the euro or the yen.

  107. Sachs, Jeffrey and Felipe Larrain. "Why Dollarization Is More Straitjacket Than Salvation." Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 80-92.
    Economic crashes around the world have prompted the idea of abandonment of these countries' currencies in favor of a stronger one, such as the US dollar. Sachs and Larrain discuss this proposal in detail.

    International Monetary Fund.

  108. Beddoes, Zanny Minton. "The International Financial System." Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 16-27.
    Beddoes examines the underlying causes of the world's financial crisis, and counters current arguments that call for a new global financial architecture. He suggests the need for specific reforms, rather than a radical restructuring.

  109. Blinder, Alan S. "Eight Steps to a New Financial Order." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 5 (September/October 1999): 50-63.
    Blinder argues that the global financial system is fatally flawed and needs reform. The system must be redrawn to stabilize markets before they spin out of control. He outlines an eight-point plan for reforms which uses existing institutions and respects current notions of national sovereignty.

    International relief.

  110. Weiss, Thomas G. "Principles, Politics, and Humanitarian Action." Ethics and International Affairs (annual) 13 (1999): 1-22.
    The traditional precepts of humanitarian action (neutrality, impartiality and consent of the host nation) do not fit so well into today's world. The author considers himself a "political humanitarian," while classicists (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) believe that humanitarian action should be completely separate from politics. Some would like to link aid and assistance to conflict resolution, but this is often impractical.

    International trade.

  111. Cutler, A. Claire. "Locating `Authority' in the Global Political Economy." International Studies Quarterly 43, no. 1 (March, 1999): 59-81.
    This article addresses the problematic nature of authority in the global political economy, specifically in the enforcement of international commercial norms. It argues that these norms, known as the law merchant or private international trade law, are essential to the historical constitution of the global political economy.

  112. Mencher, Marissa. "The Panama Canal: Danger Ahead." Journal of Environment & Development 8, no. 4 (December, 1999): 407-415.
    Programs sponsored by international organizations supporting environmental protection and providing long-term operating resources are needed by Panama. Massive deforestation is endangering the watershed areas and, only with help can, Panama hope to protect them.

    Internationalism.

  113. Kitfield, James. "The Folk Who Live on the Hill." National Interest , no. 58 (Winter 1999/2000): 48-55.
    This article is one of several which address conservatism and foreign policy. The author discusses changes that have evolved in Republican thinking. He also provides an historical perspective of the isolationism/internationalism debates between the legislative and executive branches.

    Intervention (International law)

  114. Emmerson Donald K. "Moralpolitik: The Timor Test." National Interest , no. 58 (Winter 1999/2000): 63-68.
    The United Nations Transitional Authority in Eat Timor (UNTAT) was created to rebuild the infrastructure and monitor events, in the aftermath of the vote for independence. Australia has taken the lead in the intervention and subsequent rebuilding.

    Intervention (International law) - Philosophy.

  115. Weiss, Thomas G. "Principles, Politics, and Humanitarian Action." Ethics and International Affairs (annual) 13 (1999): 1-22.
    The traditional precepts of humanitarian action (neutrality, impartiality and consent of the host nation) do not fit so well into today's world. The author considers himself a "political humanitarian," while classicists (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) believe that humanitarian action should be completely separate from politics. Some would like to link aid and assistance to conflict resolution, but this is often impractical.

    Ireland - History - 1837-1901.

  116. Smith, P. G. "Fenian Invasions of Canada." Military History 16, no. 6 (February, 2000): 50+.
    The Fenians had a very ambitious plan. Shortly after the American Civil War, Irish Americans joined together to face a common enemy - the British in Canada. Their plan was to take major cities and centers of transportation thereby forcing the British Empire to either negotiate for Ireland's independence or send troops to Canada. Fewer troops close to Ireland would enable Ireland to revolt.

    Islamic sects - Pakistan.

  117. Mushtaq, Najum. "Islam Distorted." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 55, no. 4 (July/August 1999): 53-57.
    Mushtag explains the origin of the sectarian conflict between the Shia and Sunni Muslims in Pakistan. He describes the political aspects of the conflict, and the United States involvement. The concept of holy war among the Muslims is also discussed.

    Jammu and Kashmir (India) - Politics and government.

  118. Rose, Alexander. "Paradise Lost: The Ordeal of Kashir." National Interest , no. 58 (Winter 1999/2000): 88-96.
    This article provides a history and background on the Kashmir conflict. The problem originated with the British partition and creation of India and Pakistan as independent states in 1947. Both India and Pakistan claim the strategically-located Muslim-dominated areas of Kashmir and Jammu, based on the accession decision of 1947. Kashmir is considered a vital key to national identity in both countries, and to allow it to secede from India could possibly lead to other secessionist actions based on religion.

    Kosovo (Serbia)

  119. Bligh, Edward W. "Logistics." Marine Corps Gazette 83, no. 11 (November, 1999): 62-63.
    Detailed in this article are the logistics-related operations of USMC BLT 3/8 during Operation Joint Guardian. The logisticians were creative in meeting the diverse challenges they encountered in this inland peacekeeping operation. Maj. Bligh has detailed these in several sections - Transportation, General Engineering, Maintenance, and Health Services. Maintenance has been further broken down into classes - Subsistence, Petroleum, Construction Material, Ground Ammunition, Medical Supplies and Repair Parts. He ends by stating that logisticians must be ready to go beyond what they learned to do, during routine training, when they meet real-world operations like Kosovo.

    Kosovo (Serbia) - Ethnic relations.

  120. Seaton, Jean. "Why Do We Think The Serbs Do It? The New 'Ethnic' Wars and the Media ." Political Quarterly 70, no. 3 (July-September 1999): 254-270.
    There is more news in the world and it is disseminated more powerfully, but it is also produced by less specialized, more general reporters. These journalists have used 'ethnicity' to explain why contemporary conflicts are irresolvable. However it is not the differences between groups that have caused the wars, but the purposes for which these differences are used.

    Kosovo (Serbia) - Foreign relations.

  121. Pond, Elizabeth. "Kosovo: Catalyst for Europe." Washington Quarterly 22, no. 4 (Autumn, 1999): 77-92.
    The article discusses the events in Kosovo as a beginning for a foreign and security policy (CFSP) for Euope. However, the preservation of stability in Europe still belongs to the United States.

    Lee, Teng-Hui,

  122. Teng-Hui, Lee. "Understanding Taiwan." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 6 (November/December 1999 ): 9-14.
    The President of Taiwan discusses the new sense of national identity in Taiwan in international organizations, such as the UN. While noting the sovereignty of Taiwan, he also stresses the importance of increased dialogue in cross-strait relations, emphazing those issues that affect people's everyday lives.

    Logistics.

  123. Bligh, Edward W. "Logistics." Marine Corps Gazette 83, no. 11 (November, 1999): 62-63.
    Detailed in this article are the logistics-related operations of USMC BLT 3/8 during Operation Joint Guardian. The logisticians were creative in meeting the diverse challenges they encountered in this inland peacekeeping operation. Maj. Bligh has detailed these in several sections - Transportation, General Engineering, Maintenance, and Health Services. Maintenance has been further broken down into classes - Subsistence, Petroleum, Construction Material, Ground Ammunition, Medical Supplies and Repair Parts. He ends by stating that logisticians must be ready to go beyond what they learned to do, during routine training, when they meet real-world operations like Kosovo.

  124. Brinegar, Thomas J. "Managing Logistics in Panama." Army Logistician 31, no. 6 (November/December 1999): 26-29.
    The United States will transfer to Panama full responsibility for the operation of the Panama Canal on 31 December 1999. In the meantime, logistical operations for transportation, supply, maintenance, general engineering and services must continue while operating in an environment of friction, chaos and disorder. The logistical lessons learned from Panama will be of great benefit to other operations in the world.

    Magnetic Levitation Vehicles.

  125. Post, Richard F. "Maglev: A New Approach." Scientific American 282, no. 1 (January, 2000): 82-87.
    The same technology used for magnetically levitating trains can be used to launch rockets. Inductrack's designers have not only kept cost down, they also offer a safer and cheaper system than conventional railways. High-speed rail systems will benefit from their applications, along with future uses that have yet to be envisioned. More information on the Inductrack system is available at http://www.llnl.gov/str/Post.html .

    Makin, Battle of, 1943.

  126. Lewis, Jack. "A Search for Shadows." Leatherneck 82, no. 12 (December, 1999): 40-45.
    An account of the search for the bodies of the 18 Marines of 2d Marine Raider Bn who died during the Aug. 17, 1942 Makin raid. Some background is given about Col. Carlson and the raid, along with personal insights by survivors.

    Managerial skills.

  127. Pfeifer, Jeffrey and John F. Veiga. "Putting People First for Organizational Success." Academy of Management Executive 13, no. 2 (May, 1999): 37-48.
    Workplace studies have demonstrated the enormous economic rewards available to companies and organizations which recognize that their employees are their most valuable asset. Unfortunately, current trends in management practice are actually moving away from these principles placing more emphasis on products and marketing. The author explains why managers today, to be successful, must realize that people are the most important asset.

    Maritime law.

  128. Cutler, A. Claire. "Locating `Authority' in the Global Political Economy." International Studies Quarterly 43, no. 1 (March, 1999): 59-81.
    This article addresses the problematic nature of authority in the global political economy, specifically in the enforcement of international commercial norms. It argues that these norms, known as the law merchant or private international trade law, are essential to the historical constitution of the global political economy.

    Mass media - Kosovo (Serbia)

  129. Seaton, Jean. "Why Do We Think The Serbs Do It? The New 'Ethnic' Wars and the Media ." Political Quarterly 70, no. 3 (July-September 1999): 254-270.
    There is more news in the world and it is disseminated more powerfully, but it is also produced by less specialized, more general reporters. These journalists have used 'ethnicity' to explain why contemporary conflicts are irresolvable. However it is not the differences between groups that have caused the wars, but the purposes for which these differences are used.

    Mexico -- Politics and government.

  130. Shadlen, Kenneth C. "Continuity Amid Change: Democratization, Party Strategies and Economic Policy-Making in Mexico." Government and Opposition 34, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 397-419.
    Kenneth Shadlen describes the process of democratization in Mexico as an example of a negotiated transition. The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) lost its long-held majority in 1997. Nevertheless, the nature of the political process has not changed substantially. Despite major reform, the ordinary citizen is still vulnerable to harassment by the police and the military, and lacks access to the legal system.

    Military ethics.

  131. Dunlap, Charles J. Jr. "Technology: Recomplicating Moral Life for the Nation's Defenders." Parameters 29, no. 3 (Autumn, 1999): 24-53.
    Dunlap examines the moral conundrums 21st century statesmen and soldiers may face that are generated by technological advances. It also assesses the effect of high-tech war on the existing law of armed conflict.

    Military government.

  132. Dahl, Erik J. "The Mirror is Cracked, Not Broken." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 125, no. 12 (December, 1999): 34-38.
    In this article the author analyzes the debate between civil-military relations. He provides several reasons for the gap - social, geographic, and demographic. Historical examples are given.

    Military - Industrial complex.

  133. Kresa, Kent. "Process Through Process: The American Industrial Engine and the US Military." Armed Forces Journal International 137, no. 5 (December, 1999): 14-17.
    In this article the author provides his thoughts on the challenges that face the defense industry. He feels strongly about the military improving the "teeth-to-tail" ratio. Critical issues are competition and market loss. In conclusion, the author proposes a possible solution --attacking vertical integration.

    Military planning -- United States.

  134. Goodman, Glenn W. "Chief Advocate for Jointness ." Armed Forces Journal International 137, no. 5 (December, 1999): 32-35.
    In this article, Armed Forces Journal International (AFJI) conducts an interview with Admiral Harold W. Gehman, Jr., USN, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Joint Forces Command. Admiral Gehman discusses several issues including the joint warfighting experimentation role, future joint experiments, joint task training, and lessons in jointness.

  135. Grange, David L. "Ready for What? Why the Army's System for Reporting Unit Readiness Doesn't Shed Much Light on Who's Ready for What." Armed Forces Journal International 137, no. 5 (December, 1999): 42-45.
    The focus of this article is the antiquated reporting system used for evaluating unit readiness. A task force has been appointed by General Shinseki, Army Chief of Staff, to analyze the system and to make recommendations. The author provides a listing of possible requirements for inclusion in the new reporting system.

  136. Jaffe, Greg, Thomas E. Ricks, Anne Marie Squeo, Carla Anna Robbins, and Chris Adams. "The Price of Power." Wall Street Journal (September 22, 1999-November 12, 1999)
    The Price of Power is a 6-part series on military spending covered in the Wall Street Journal from September 22nd through November 12th 1999. Issues addressed are military wages, weapons, operations and maintenance, and changes needed for the 21st warfare.

    Military policy.

  137. Grange, David L. "Ready for What? Why the Army's System for Reporting Unit Readiness Doesn't Shed Much Light on Who's Ready for What." Armed Forces Journal International 137, no. 5 (December, 1999): 42-45.
    The focus of this article is the antiquated reporting system used for evaluating unit readiness. A task force has been appointed by General Shinseki, Army Chief of Staff, to analyze the system and to make recommendations. The author provides a listing of possible requirements for inclusion in the new reporting system.

  138. Gray, Colin S. and John B. Sheldon. "Space Power and the Revolution in Military Affairs: A Glass Half Full?" Airpower Journal 13, no. 3 (Fall, 1999): 23-38.
    In this article the authors discuss the critical importance of space power for US military operations. They examine some of the key assumptions related to the space power debate and argue that space must be identified as a geographical environment.

  139. Henley, Lonnie D. "The RMA After Next." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): 46-57.
    In this article the author proposes military operations for the Revolution in Military Affairs After Next. With advanced technology in biological science, manufacturing, information processing and microelectromechanical systems, military devices will be radically different. Issues discussed include energy systems, decentralized sensor nets, and biological warfare weapons.

    Military readiness.

  140. Jaffe, Greg, Thomas E. Ricks, Anne Marie Squeo, Carla Anna Robbins, and Chris Adams. "The Price of Power." Wall Street Journal (September 22, 1999-November 12, 1999)
    The Price of Power is a 6-part series on military spending covered in the Wall Street Journal from September 22nd through November 12th 1999. Issues addressed are military wages, weapons, operations and maintenance, and changes needed for the 21st warfare.

    Muslims - Pakistan.

  141. Mushtaq, Najum. "Islam Distorted." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 55, no. 4 (July/August 1999): 53-57.
    Mushtag explains the origin of the sectarian conflict between the Shia and Sunni Muslims in Pakistan. He describes the political aspects of the conflict, and the United States involvement. The concept of holy war among the Muslims is also discussed.

    National security.

  142. Haass, Richard N. "What to do With American Primacy." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 5 (September/October 1999 ): 37-49.
    Richard Haass says that U.S. superiority cannot last in our increasingly multipolar world. U.S. foreign policy ought to encourage cooperation and build an international consensus to avoid great-power wars. We should revise our criteria for intervention. While the author questions whether or not the humanitarians crisis in Kosovo warranted our intervention, nevertheless he also asks, "Is the U.S. doing enough to ensure order and security in the world?" .

  143. Henley, Lonnie D. "The RMA After Next." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): 46-57.
    In this article the author proposes military operations for the Revolution in Military Affairs After Next. With advanced technology in biological science, manufacturing, information processing and microelectromechanical systems, military devices will be radically different. Issues discussed include energy systems, decentralized sensor nets, and biological warfare weapons.

    National security -- Asia.

  144. Bracken, Paul. "Asia's Militaries and the New Nuclear Age." Current History 98, no. 632 (December, 1999): 415-421.
    A discussion of reform, downsizing and modernization of Asian armies, especially China. A major instrument in throwing off the colonial yoke, many of these armies are now the dominant institution in their respective countries, influential in politics and business. Sheer size has made them subject to military inefficiency, bureaucracy and corruption.

    National security -- United States.

  145. Burrows, Mathew and Carter Page. "Waiting for the Flow: The Value of Patience in the Caspian." National Security Studies Quarterly 5, no. 4 (Autumn, 1999): 77-84.
    The Caspian Sea's oil potential will match that of the North Seas and perhaps even Mexico and Venezuela. Also, the world's fourth largest reserves of natural gas potentially will be found in this area. Therefore, supporting these countries attempts to achieve independence continues to be a vital goal that fits into the United States national security policy.

  146. Hersh, Seymour M. "Intelligence Gap." New Yorker 75, no. 37 (December 6, 1999): 58-76.
    As new technologies develop, the National Security Agency is finding it difficult to keep up. Widely-available encryption technology and the massive volume of internet information has made collection and interpretation of intelligence data difficult. The agency is also stymied by bureacracy, personnel turnover, stagment ideas, and a growing alienation from the computer industry it once worked closely with.

  147. Podhoretz, Norman. "Strange Bedfellows: A Guide to the New Foreign-Policy Debates." Commentary 108, no. 5 (December, 1999): 19.
    In this article the author examines the foreign-policy debates between liberals and conservatives. Issues addressed include isolationism, pacifism, national interestes, Vietnam, the Cold War and the Gulf War. In conclusion, the author states that America needs a broad foreign-policy vision.

    Neutrality.

  148. Kitfield, James. "The Folk Who Live on the Hill." National Interest , no. 58 (Winter 1999/2000): 48-55.
    This article is one of several which address conservatism and foreign policy. The author discusses changes that have evolved in Republican thinking. He also provides an historical perspective of the isolationism/internationalism debates between the legislative and executive branches.

    North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

  149. Clark, Wesley K. "The United States and NATO: The Way Ahead." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): 2-14.
    In this article the author examines the future of the NATO Alliance and its relationship with the U.S. Several issues are addressed including NATO's security challenges, lessons learned from the Balkans conflict, and winning in the 21st century.

  150. Danilov, Dimitri. "Implications of the NATO Attack against Yugoslavia for European Security and Russian-Western Relations ." Mediterranean Quarterly 10, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 51-69.
    Events in the Balkans are being used by leading European players as a mechanism for attaining their own political goals. NATO aggression in Yugoslavia, regardless of its justification has transformed NATO into an enemy in the eyes of many Russians.

  151. Nambiar, Satish. "NATO Celebrates Its Fiftieth Anniversary by Destroying Yugoslavia." Mediterranean Quarterly 10, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 15-24.
    The NATO operations against Yugoslavia raises a number of issues that need objective understanding and anaylsis in order to establish an equitable world order.

  152. Pond, Elizabeth. "Kosovo: Catalyst for Europe." Washington Quarterly 22, no. 4 (Autumn, 1999): 77-92.
    The article discusses the events in Kosovo as a beginning for a foreign and security policy (CFSP) for Euope. However, the preservation of stability in Europe still belongs to the United States.

    Nuclear arms control.

  153. James, L. P. "No Silver Bullet in Missile Defense." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 125, no. 12 (December, 1999): 39-43.
    There are two views about conducting ballistic missile defense - attack operations school and the active defense school. In this article the author discusses the pros and cons of each.

    Nuclear arms control - United States.

  154. Towell, Pat. "Can U.S. Build Missile Shield Without Shredding a Treaty?" Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report 57, no. 47 (December 4, 1999): 2914-2919.
    President Clinton's challenge is to persuade Russia and the Senate to make changes to the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty which would provide for limited anti-missile defense. In this article the author discusses the missile defense plan and some proposals from lawmakers.

    Nuclear Power Plants - Accidents.

  155. Ackland, Len. "The Day They Almost Lost Denver." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 55, no. 4 (July/Aguust 1999): 58-65.
    Rocky Flats was a government-owned plutonium plant near Denver which had a bad safety record and numerous fires. In 1969, when the plant was mangaed by Dow Chemical, a serious fire broke out which easily could have been a disaster for the Denver area. The account of the fire excerpted from a book, Making a Real Killing: Rocky Flats and the Nuclear West.

    Nuclear weapons - Russia.

  156. Levshin, V. I., A. V. Nedelin, and M. E. Sosnovskiy. "On Employing Nuclear Weapons to De-Escalate Military Operations." Military Thought = Voennaya Mysl 8, no. 3 (1999): 40-45.
    This article discusses the importance of nuclear weapons in the Russian arsenal. It rules out all forms of preemptive strikes and underscores the primary utility of the nuclear arsenal as a deterrent.

    Oil industries - Russia (Federation).

  157. Khartukow, Eugene. "Measuring the Flows." Petroleum Economist 66, no. 11 (November, 1999): 18-22.
    Ten years ago Russia produced twice as much oil as it is currently producing. Reasons for the decline can be attributed to poor management of the oil industry. In this article the author discusses how much oil Russia produces, refines, and exports. Several tables are included.

    Organizational behavior.

  158. Pfeifer, Jeffrey and John F. Veiga. "Putting People First for Organizational Success." Academy of Management Executive 13, no. 2 (May, 1999): 37-48.
    Workplace studies have demonstrated the enormous economic rewards available to companies and organizations which recognize that their employees are their most valuable asset. Unfortunately, current trends in management practice are actually moving away from these principles placing more emphasis on products and marketing. The author explains why managers today, to be successful, must realize that people are the most important asset.

    Pakistan - Foreign relations - India.

  159. Rose, Alexander. "Paradise Lost: The Ordeal of Kashir." National Interest , no. 58 (Winter 1999/2000): 88-96.
    This article provides a history and background on the Kashmir conflict. The problem originated with the British partition and creation of India and Pakistan as independent states in 1947. Both India and Pakistan claim the strategically-located Muslim-dominated areas of Kashmir and Jammu, based on the accession decision of 1947. Kashmir is considered a vital key to national identity in both countries, and to allow it to secede from India could possibly lead to other secessionist actions based on religion.

    Panama.

  160. Mencher, Marissa. "The Panama Canal: Danger Ahead." Journal of Environment & Development 8, no. 4 (December, 1999): 407-415.
    Programs sponsored by international organizations supporting environmental protection and providing long-term operating resources are needed by Panama. Massive deforestation is endangering the watershed areas and, only with help can, Panama hope to protect them.

    Panama Canal (Panama)

  161. Brinegar, Thomas J. "Managing Logistics in Panama." Army Logistician 31, no. 6 (November/December 1999): 26-29.
    The United States will transfer to Panama full responsibility for the operation of the Panama Canal on 31 December 1999. In the meantime, logistical operations for transportation, supply, maintenance, general engineering and services must continue while operating in an environment of friction, chaos and disorder. The logistical lessons learned from Panama will be of great benefit to other operations in the world.

    Panama - Military relations - United States.

  162. Brinegar, Thomas J. "Managing Logistics in Panama." Army Logistician 31, no. 6 (November/December 1999): 26-29.
    The United States will transfer to Panama full responsibility for the operation of the Panama Canal on 31 December 1999. In the meantime, logistical operations for transportation, supply, maintenance, general engineering and services must continue while operating in an environment of friction, chaos and disorder. The logistical lessons learned from Panama will be of great benefit to other operations in the world.

    Peacekeeping forces.

  163. Bligh, Edward W. "Logistics." Marine Corps Gazette 83, no. 11 (November, 1999): 62-63.
    Detailed in this article are the logistics-related operations of USMC BLT 3/8 during Operation Joint Guardian. The logisticians were creative in meeting the diverse challenges they encountered in this inland peacekeeping operation. Maj. Bligh has detailed these in several sections - Transportation, General Engineering, Maintenance, and Health Services. Maintenance has been further broken down into classes - Subsistence, Petroleum, Construction Material, Ground Ammunition, Medical Supplies and Repair Parts. He ends by stating that logisticians must be ready to go beyond what they learned to do, during routine training, when they meet real-world operations like Kosovo.

  164. Shacochis, Bob. "Soldiers of Great Fortune." Harpers Magazine (December, 1999): 44-56.
    The author reports from the deck of the USS Kearsage, and the refugee camps and war zones of Albania. He explores the role of the American military today, in a world where the line between humanitarian operations and actual war is often indistinguishable.

    Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), Attack on, 1941.

  165. Budiansky, Stephen. "Too Late for Pearl Harbor ." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 125, no. 12 (December, 1999): 47-51.
    This article discusses one of the most researched mysteries of World War II - the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. What did the cryptologists really know, could they have prevented what happened, what did they do later to help the Pacific war effort?

    Personnel management.

  166. Dessler, Gary. "How to Earn Your Employees' Commitment ." Academy of Management Executive 13, no. 2 (May, 1999): 58-67.
    Gary Dessler gives the why and how of employee commitment. He recommends clear communication of mission, fairness, creating a community with shared values, developing employees, fostering job security, and placing people first. Some of the firms discussed are: Prentice-Hall, Saturn Corporation, Ben & Jerry's, J.C. Penney, Toyota, Goldman Sachs, Federal EXpress, Delta Airlines, and Mary Kay Cosmetics.

  167. Luthans, Fred and Alexander D. Stajkovic. "Reinforce for Performance: The Need to go Beyond Pay and Even Rewards." Academy of Management Executive 13, no. 2 (May, 1999): 49-57.
    Fred Luthans and Alexander Stajkovic describe organizational behavior management with financial and other types of rewards.

    Petroleum industry and trade - Government policy - Russia (Federation).

  168. Khartukow, Eugene. "Measuring the Flows." Petroleum Economist 66, no. 11 (November, 1999): 18-22.
    Ten years ago Russia produced twice as much oil as it is currently producing. Reasons for the decline can be attributed to poor management of the oil industry. In this article the author discusses how much oil Russia produces, refines, and exports. Several tables are included.

    Political corruption - Russia.

  169. Aslund, Anders. "Russia's Collapse." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 5 (September/October 1999 ): 64-77.
    This author believes the real Russian problems are corruption, too much regulation, and not enough market liberalization. The financial crisis forced some real economic growth, and continued budget constraints will help in this area. The author also compares Russia today to the Poland of the 1970s, and hopes that Russia will emulate Polish financial success.

    Political Science.

  170. Huntington, Samuel P. "Robust Nationalism." National Interest , no. 58 (Winter 1999/2000): 31-40.
    The focus of this article is conservatism and foreign policy. There are two types of conservatism - classic and doctrinal. Huntington addresses the differences between them. He also provides a list of key principles from Rossiter's Conservatism in America, which classic and doctrinal conservatism have in common.

  171. Mead, Walter Russell. "The Jacksonian Tradition and American Foreign Policy." National Interest , no. 58 (Winter 1999/2000): 5-29.
    In this article the author provides historical background to American foreign policy which has been greatly influenced by Andrew Jackson. He examines Jacksonian beliefs and values and how they influence American domestic policy as well.

  172. Mitchell, Sara McLaughlin, Scott Gates, and Havard Hegre. "Evolution in Democracy-War Dynamics ." Journal of Conflict Resolution 43, no. 6 (December, 1999): 771-792.
    Kant's analytical perspective is reflected by the author's research on both the evolutionary and endogenous relationship between democracy and war at the system level. They propose that democratization will usually follow war and that it will decrease the systematic amount of war. They also propose that both the pacific and substantive impact of democracy on war will increase over time. Seven graphs are included.

    Precision guided munitions -- Moral and ethical aspects.

  173. Dunlap, Charles J. Jr. "Technology: Recomplicating Moral Life for the Nation's Defenders." Parameters 29, no. 3 (Autumn, 1999): 24-53.
    Dunlap examines the moral conundrums 21st century statesmen and soldiers may face that are generated by technological advances. It also assesses the effect of high-tech war on the existing law of armed conflict.

    Presidents - United States.

  174. Moe, Terry M. and William G. Howell. "Unilaterial Action and Presidential Power: A Theory." Presidential Studies Quarterly 29, no. 4 (December, 1999): 850-872.
    Research is presented on the presidency and, in particular, on the important aspect of the president's powers of unilateral action.

    Quebec (Province) - Politics and government.

  175. Meisel, John. "Unresolved Ambiguity: Quebec After the Election of 1998." Government and Opposition 34, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 333-351.
    John Meisel analyses the 1998 Quebec election, which returned the Parti Quebecois to power, in the light of federal and local attitudes towards the possibility of secession.

    Railroads.

  176. Post, Richard F. "Maglev: A New Approach." Scientific American 282, no. 1 (January, 2000): 82-87.
    The same technology used for magnetically levitating trains can be used to launch rockets. Inductrack's designers have not only kept cost down, they also offer a safer and cheaper system than conventional railways. High-speed rail systems will benefit from their applications, along with future uses that have yet to be envisioned. More information on the Inductrack system is available at http://www.llnl.gov/str/Post.html .

    Railroads - Research.

  177. Post, Richard F. "Maglev: A New Approach." Scientific American 282, no. 1 (January, 2000): 82-87.
    The same technology used for magnetically levitating trains can be used to launch rockets. Inductrack's designers have not only kept cost down, they also offer a safer and cheaper system than conventional railways. High-speed rail systems will benefit from their applications, along with future uses that have yet to be envisioned. More information on the Inductrack system is available at http://www.llnl.gov/str/Post.html .

    Recruiting and enlistment.

  178. Soto, Onell R. "All He Can Be." Hispanic 12, no. 11 (November, 1999): 58-60.
    Military recruitment in Spanish language media is one of the ways in which Secretary of the Army Louis Caldera is tackling the problem of finding new soldiers. He has also encouraged the Army to increase training to help qualified and motivated potential recruits get their GED. Biographical information on Caldera is also given.

    Regionalism.

  179. Enriquez, Juan. "Too Many Flags?" Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 30-49.
    Contrary to popular perception, the wave of secessionism that is sweeping across the world today is not simply a product of ancient nationalist impulses or catastrophic unrest. It is also being driven, in part, by globalization. This article explores factors causing the world to break down into its component parts.

    International economic relations.

  180. Luthans, Fred and Alexander D. Stajkovic. "Reinforce for Performance: The Need to go Beyond Pay and Even Rewards." Academy of Management Executive 13, no. 2 (May, 1999): 49-57.
    Fred Luthans and Alexander Stajkovic describe organizational behavior management with financial and other types of rewards.

    Rocky Flats Plant (Jefferson County, Colo.)

  181. Ackland, Len. "The Day They Almost Lost Denver." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 55, no. 4 (July/Aguust 1999): 58-65.
    Rocky Flats was a government-owned plutonium plant near Denver which had a bad safety record and numerous fires. In 1969, when the plant was mangaed by Dow Chemical, a serious fire broke out which easily could have been a disaster for the Denver area. The account of the fire excerpted from a book, Making a Real Killing: Rocky Flats and the Nuclear West.

    Russia - Defenses.

  182. Levshin, V. I., A. V. Nedelin, and M. E. Sosnovskiy. "On Employing Nuclear Weapons to De-Escalate Military Operations." Military Thought = Voennaya Mysl 8, no. 3 (1999): 40-45.
    This article discusses the importance of nuclear weapons in the Russian arsenal. It rules out all forms of preemptive strikes and underscores the primary utility of the nuclear arsenal as a deterrent.

    Russia - Economic economics.

  183. Aslund, Anders. "Russia's Collapse." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 5 (September/October 1999 ): 64-77.
    This author believes the real Russian problems are corruption, too much regulation, and not enough market liberalization. The financial crisis forced some real economic growth, and continued budget constraints will help in this area. The author also compares Russia today to the Poland of the 1970s, and hopes that Russia will emulate Polish financial success.

    Russia (Federation) -- Armed Forces.

  184. Parchomenko, Walter. "The State of Russia's Armed Forces and Military Reform." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): 98-110.
    The biggest problem facing the Russian armed forces today is socioeconomic - individual survival. There are very low living standards, persistent shortages of housing, low wages that go unpaid for months and poor social security provisions. And the combat readiness of the armed forces has continued to deteriorate. This means a greater reliance on strategic nuclear forces in their calculations.

    Russia (Federation) - Caspian Sea.

  185. Burke, Adrian W. "A U.S. Regional Strategy for the Caspian Sea Basin." Strategic Review 27, no. 4 (Fall, 1999): 18-29.
    The Caspian Sea basin contains the single largest concentration of hydrocarbon reserves in the world and warrants U.S. attention. It is in the best interest of the United States, diplomatically, economically and militarity, to be involved in the development of the countries and the resources of the Caspian Sea basin.

  186. Burrows, Mathew and Carter Page. "Waiting for the Flow: The Value of Patience in the Caspian." National Security Studies Quarterly 5, no. 4 (Autumn, 1999): 77-84.
    The Caspian Sea's oil potential will match that of the North Seas and perhaps even Mexico and Venezuela. Also, the world's fourth largest reserves of natural gas potentially will be found in this area. Therefore, supporting these countries attempts to achieve independence continues to be a vital goal that fits into the United States national security policy.

    Russia (Federation) - Foreign relations.

  187. Lieven, Anatol. "Ham-Fisted Hegemon: The Clinton Administration and Russia." Current History 98, no. 630 (October, 1999): 307-315.
    The United States demands subjection and obedience from Russia without providing added defense and security. However, it is critical to gain and keep Russian friendship and support to prevent the export of materials of mass destruction from Russia to the enemies of the United States.

    Russia (Federation) - Politics and government.

  188. Treisman, Daniel. "After Yeltsin Comes ... Yeltsin ." Foreign Policy , no. 117 (Winter 1999/2000): 74-86.
    Major changes after Yeltsin's departure may not occur because many of the problems are due not to Yeltsin but to the decentralized federation, political corruption and the fact that natural resources are concentrated in a few regions. Recognizing this reality should be the starting point from which the West begins to construct a policy.

  189. Weitz, Richard. "Managing an Unpredictable Moscow." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000 ): 72-85.
    This article describes the three types of regimes which could rule Russia during the next two decades. Strategies are then outlined which would help the United States to cope with them.

    Russia - Politics and government.

  190. Aslund, Anders. "Russia's Collapse." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 5 (September/October 1999 ): 64-77.
    This author believes the real Russian problems are corruption, too much regulation, and not enough market liberalization. The financial crisis forced some real economic growth, and continued budget constraints will help in this area. The author also compares Russia today to the Poland of the 1970s, and hopes that Russia will emulate Polish financial success.

    Rwanda -- History -- Civil War, 1994.

  191. Sarkin, Jeremy. "The Necessity and Challenges of Establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Rwanda." Human Rights Quarterly 21, no. 3 (August, 1999): 767-823.

    The author discusses the conflict between the Hutus and the Tutsis, including Rwanda’s legal system and applicable international law. He believes that the only way to reinstate stability, redress human rights violations, and bring about an overall catharsis, is to establish a truth and reconciliation commission. He also suggests ways to create a legitimate commission.

    Social structure -- South Africa.

  192. Gibson, James L. and Amanda Gouws. "Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa: Attributions of Blame and the Struggle over Apartheid." American Political Science Review 93, no. 3 (September, 1999): 501-517.
    South Africa created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to document human rights abuses under apartheid and to grant amnesty to those confessing their heinous crimes. This article researches the question whether South Africans actually accept the theories of blame that underlie the truth and reconciliation process.

    Space industrialization - United States.

  193. Cooper, Mary H. and Adriel Bettelheim. "Defense and Space: The Challenges Ahead." CQ Outlook (Supplement to CQ Weekly) (September 11, 1999)
    Congressional Quarterly provides a special supplement dedicated to the challenges ahead for Defense and Space. The authors address three elements for each topic including the issues, the current situation, and the future outlook. Also included are two brief bibliographies.

    Supervision of employees.

  194. Dessler, Gary. "How to Earn Your Employees' Commitment ." Academy of Management Executive 13, no. 2 (May, 1999): 58-67.
    Gary Dessler gives the why and how of employee commitment. He recommends clear communication of mission, fairness, creating a community with shared values, developing employees, fostering job security, and placing people first. Some of the firms discussed are: Prentice-Hall, Saturn Corporation, Ben & Jerry's, J.C. Penney, Toyota, Goldman Sachs, Federal EXpress, Delta Airlines, and Mary Kay Cosmetics.

  195. Luthans, Fred and Alexander D. Stajkovic. "Reinforce for Performance: The Need to go Beyond Pay and Even Rewards." Academy of Management Executive 13, no. 2 (May, 1999): 49-57.
    Fred Luthans and Alexander Stajkovic describe organizational behavior management with financial and other types of rewards.

    Taiwan - Politics and government.

  196. Teng-Hui, Lee. "Understanding Taiwan." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 6 (November/December 1999 ): 9-14.
    The President of Taiwan discusses the new sense of national identity in Taiwan in international organizations, such as the UN. While noting the sovereignty of Taiwan, he also stresses the importance of increased dialogue in cross-strait relations, emphazing those issues that affect people's everyday lives.

    Taliban.

  197. Rashid, Ahmed. "The Taliban: Exporting Extremism." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 6 (November/December 1999): 22-35.
    The Taliban has polarized the region. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia back the Taliban regime while Iran, Russia, India and four former Soviet Central Asian republics support the opposition Northern Alliance. The confrontation is producing enormous economic disruption throughout the area according to the author. It is presumptuous and unrealistic for Western nations to believe that oil and gas resources of Central Asia can be safely exploited, without first helping to bring peace to Afghanistan.

    Terrorism.

  198. Tucker, Jonathan B. and Amy Sands. "An Unlikely Threat." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 55, no. 4 (July/August 1999): 46-52.
    Popular culture may exaggerate the domestic threat from biological and chemical terrorism. The authors studied known cases. Most were hoaxes. In their research, they are trying to discern terrorist motivations and behavior patterns.

    Trade blocs.

  199. Enriquez, Juan. "Too Many Flags?" Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 30-49.
    Contrary to popular perception, the wave of secessionism that is sweeping across the world today is not simply a product of ancient nationalist impulses or catastrophic unrest. It is also being driven, in part, by globalization. This article explores factors causing the world to break down into its component parts.

    Twenty-first century - Forecasts.

  200. Derosa, David. "The Capital Mistress: Free-markets Models and the Global Economy." Harvard International Review 21, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 48-51.
    The author forecasts what the dominant global economic model will be for the new century.

  201. Echevarria, Antulio J. "Fusing Power and Land Power in the Twenty-First Century: Insights from the Army After Next." Airpower Journal 13, no. 3 (Fall, 1999): 66-74.
    The U.S. Army recently completed its annual war games exercise known as "Army after Next." In this article the author discusses how synchronization among air, land, sea and space systems will be critical for conducting successful military operations in the 21st century.

    Ukraine - Economic conditions.

  202. Feldhusen, Anka. "The "Russian Factor" in Ukrainian Foreign Policy." Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 23, no. 2 (Fall, 1999): 119-137.
    The Ukraine has had its fortune intertwined with Russia's for almost 350 years. Now the Ukraine has been reaching out to other regional partners. Some of them are the Central European Free Trade Association (CEFTA), the Summit of Central European States, and the Central European Initiative.

    Ukraine - Foreign relations.

  203. Feldhusen, Anka. "The "Russian Factor" in Ukrainian Foreign Policy." Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 23, no. 2 (Fall, 1999): 119-137.
    The Ukraine has had its fortune intertwined with Russia's for almost 350 years. Now the Ukraine has been reaching out to other regional partners. Some of them are the Central European Free Trade Association (CEFTA), the Summit of Central European States, and the Central European Initiative.

    United Nations.

  204. Beddoes, Zanny Minton. "The International Financial System." Foreign Policy , no. 116 (Fall, 1999): 16-27.
    Beddoes examines the underlying causes of the world's financial crisis, and counters current arguments that call for a new global financial architecture. He suggests the need for specific reforms, rather than a radical restructuring.

  205. Blinder, Alan S. "Eight Steps to a New Financial Order." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 5 (September/October 1999): 50-63.
    Blinder argues that the global financial system is fatally flawed and needs reform. The system must be redrawn to stabilize markets before they spin out of control. He outlines an eight-point plan for reforms which uses existing institutions and respects current notions of national sovereignty.

    United Nations - Indonesia - Timor Timur.

  206. Emmerson Donald K. "Moralpolitik: The Timor Test." National Interest , no. 58 (Winter 1999/2000): 63-68.
    The United Nations Transitional Authority in Eat Timor (UNTAT) was created to rebuild the infrastructure and monitor events, in the aftermath of the vote for independence. Australia has taken the lead in the intervention and subsequent rebuilding.

    United States - Armed Forces.

  207. Blechman, Barry M. and Tamara Cofman Wittes. "Defining Moment: The Threat and Use of Force in American Foreign Policy." Political Science Quarterly Spring 1999, no. 114: 1-30.
    The article examines eight major cases in which military force was threatened or used in limited ways in support of diplomacy during the Bush and first Clinton administrations. The conclusion reached is that the United States needs to strengthen its ability to use military force in limited ways.

    United States. Armed Forces. Hispanic Americans.

  208. Soto, Onell R. "All He Can Be." Hispanic 12, no. 11 (November, 1999): 58-60.
    Military recruitment in Spanish language media is one of the ways in which Secretary of the Army Louis Caldera is tackling the problem of finding new soldiers. He has also encouraged the Army to increase training to help qualified and motivated potential recruits get their GED. Biographical information on Caldera is also given.

    United States - Armed Forces - Minorities.

  209. Hillen, John. "Must US Military Culture Reform? " Parameters 29, no. 3 (Autumn, 1999): 9-23.
    Hillen examines the functional, legal and social forces that confront American military culture in the future. The military must learn to manage many influences that constantly affect its member's values, behavior and beliefs that together define it.

    United States. Army - Forecasting.

  210. Echevarria, Antulio J. "Fusing Power and Land Power in the Twenty-First Century: Insights from the Army After Next." Airpower Journal 13, no. 3 (Fall, 1999): 66-74.
    The U.S. Army recently completed its annual war games exercise known as "Army after Next." In this article the author discusses how synchronization among air, land, sea and space systems will be critical for conducting successful military operations in the 21st century.

    United States. Army - Recruiting, enlistment, etc.

  211. Soto, Onell R. "All He Can Be." Hispanic 12, no. 11 (November, 1999): 58-60.
    Military recruitment in Spanish language media is one of the ways in which Secretary of the Army Louis Caldera is tackling the problem of finding new soldiers. He has also encouraged the Army to increase training to help qualified and motivated potential recruits get their GED. Biographical information on Caldera is also given.

    United States. Congress.

  212. Wilkerson, John D. "Killer Amendments in Congress." American Political Science Review 93, no. 3 (September, 1999): 535-552.
    The author, John D. Wilkerson from the University of Washington, studied "killer" amendments during the 103rd and 104th Congresses. Among the bills studied, killer amendments were quite rare, and in fact none caused the defeat of a bill. The author feels that his research shows one more way the majority exercises power by control of the legislative agenda.

  213. Zoellick, Robert B. "Congress and the Making of US Foreign Policy." Survival 41, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): 20-41.
    Congress and the Executive branch need to work out a partnership to guide United States foreign policy. Foreign countries can work with both branches. For example, the Transatlantic Policy Network created by a few EU parliamentarians has attracted a number of Senators and Representatives.

    United States--Foreign relations.

  214. Bandow, Doug. "NATO's Balkan Disaster: Wilsonian Warmongering Gone Mad." Mediterranean Quarterly 10, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 70-88.
    Explains why the Clinton administration and its allies have committed the greatest foreign policy mistake in 20 years rivaling the Soviet decision to invade Afghanistan.

  215. Blechman, Barry M. and Tamara Cofman Wittes. "Defining Moment: The Threat and Use of Force in American Foreign Policy." Political Science Quarterly Spring 1999, no. 114: 1-30.
    The article examines eight major cases in which military force was threatened or used in limited ways in support of diplomacy during the Bush and first Clinton administrations. The conclusion reached is that the United States needs to strengthen its ability to use military force in limited ways.

  216. Haass, Richard N. "What to do With American Primacy." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 5 (September/October 1999 ): 37-49.
    Richard Haass says that U.S. superiority cannot last in our increasingly multipolar world. U.S. foreign policy ought to encourage cooperation and build an international consensus to avoid great-power wars. We should revise our criteria for intervention. While the author questions whether or not the humanitarians crisis in Kosovo warranted our intervention, nevertheless he also asks, "Is the U.S. doing enough to ensure order and security in the world?" .

  217. Lieven, Anatol. "Ham-Fisted Hegemon: The Clinton Administration and Russia." Current History 98, no. 630 (October, 1999): 307-315.
    The United States demands subjection and obedience from Russia without providing added defense and security. However, it is critical to gain and keep Russian friendship and support to prevent the export of materials of mass destruction from Russia to the enemies of the United States.

  218. Podhoretz, Norman. "Strange Bedfellows: A Guide to the New Foreign-Policy Debates." Commentary 108, no. 5 (December, 1999): 19.
    In this article the author examines the foreign-policy debates between liberals and conservatives. Issues addressed include isolationism, pacifism, national interestes, Vietnam, the Cold War and the Gulf War. In conclusion, the author states that America needs a broad foreign-policy vision.

  219. Wood, William B. "Geography: A Lesson for Diplomats." Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 23, no. 2 (Fall, 1999): 5-20.
    William Wood, the State Department geographer, gives a survey of current foreign policy goals and explains how improved geographic information systems should be able to assist diplomacy now and in the future.

  220. Zoellick, Robert B. "Congress and the Making of US Foreign Policy." Survival 41, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): 20-41.
    Congress and the Executive branch need to work out a partnership to guide United States foreign policy. Foreign countries can work with both branches. For example, the Transatlantic Policy Network created by a few EU parliamentarians has attracted a number of Senators and Representatives.

    United States - Foreign relations - Europe.

  221. Roskin, Michael G. "The Emerging Europe: Power Configurations for the Next Century." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): 86-97.
    This article gives a brief historical review of the several power systems that have operated in Europe for over a century. In conclusion, he proposes eight possible scenarios with implications for the U.S.

    United States - Foreign relations - Russia (Federation)

  222. Burke, Adrian W. "A U.S. Regional Strategy for the Caspian Sea Basin." Strategic Review 27, no. 4 (Fall, 1999): 18-29.
    The Caspian Sea basin contains the single largest concentration of hydrocarbon reserves in the world and warrants U.S. attention. It is in the best interest of the United States, diplomatically, economically and militarity, to be involved in the development of the countries and the resources of the Caspian Sea basin.

    United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865.

  223. "The Old Flag: The Prison Newspaper of Captain William Henry May." Civil War Times Illustrated 38, no. 7 (February, 2000): 42-48.
    This article discusses the role played by The Old Flag - a prison newspaper written by Union Captain William Henry May of the 23d Connecticut Infantry during his imprisonment in Texas.

  224. Cozzens, Peter and Michael Haynes. "Smokescreen at Honey Hill." Civil War Times Illustrated 38, no. 7 (February, 2000): 32-38.
    The authors describe valiant efforts of the Confederate soldiers who defended the coast between Charleston, South Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia, under the leadership of Lieutenant General William J. Hardee in the late autumn of 1864.

  225. Stier, William J. "Fury Takes the Field." Civil War Times Illustrated 38, no. 6 (December, 1999): 40-48.
    This article profiles Lieutenant Nathan Bedford Forrest in the 1861 Civil War, and the strategies he used against federal soldiers. His battlefield bravery is described by other soldiers' accounts.

    United States - International relations.

  226. Weitz, Richard. "Managing an Unpredictable Moscow." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000 ): 72-85.
    This article describes the three types of regimes which could rule Russia during the next two decades. Strategies are then outlined which would help the United States to cope with them.

    United States - Law and legislation.

  227. Wilkerson, John D. "Killer Amendments in Congress." American Political Science Review 93, no. 3 (September, 1999): 535-552.
    The author, John D. Wilkerson from the University of Washington, studied "killer" amendments during the 103rd and 104th Congresses. Among the bills studied, killer amendments were quite rare, and in fact none caused the defeat of a bill. The author feels that his research shows one more way the majority exercises power by control of the legislative agenda.

    United States - Security measures.

  228. Bligh, Edward W. "Logistics." Marine Corps Gazette 83, no. 11 (November, 1999): 62-63.
    Detailed in this article are the logistics-related operations of USMC BLT 3/8 during Operation Joint Guardian. The logisticians were creative in meeting the diverse challenges they encountered in this inland peacekeeping operation. Maj. Bligh has detailed these in several sections - Transportation, General Engineering, Maintenance, and Health Services. Maintenance has been further broken down into classes - Subsistence, Petroleum, Construction Material, Ground Ammunition, Medical Supplies and Repair Parts. He ends by stating that logisticians must be ready to go beyond what they learned to do, during routine training, when they meet real-world operations like Kosovo.

  229. Lewis, Jack. "A Search for Shadows." Leatherneck 82, no. 12 (December, 1999): 40-45.
    An account of the search for the bodies of the 18 Marines of 2d Marine Raider Bn who died during the Aug. 17, 1942 Makin raid. Some background is given about Col. Carlson and the raid, along with personal insights by survivors.

    United States -- Military policy.

  230. Blechman, Barry M. and Tamara Cofman Wittes. "Defining Moment: The Threat and Use of Force in American Foreign Policy." Political Science Quarterly Spring 1999, no. 114: 1-30.
    The article examines eight major cases in which military force was threatened or used in limited ways in support of diplomacy during the Bush and first Clinton administrations. The conclusion reached is that the United States needs to strengthen its ability to use military force in limited ways.

  231. Clark, Wesley K. "The United States and NATO: The Way Ahead." Parameters 29, no. 4 (Winter 1999/2000): 2-14.
    In this article the author examines the future of the NATO Alliance and its relationship with the U.S. Several issues are addressed including NATO's security challenges, lessons learned from the Balkans conflict, and winning in the 21st century.

  232. Haass, Richard N. "What to do With American Primacy." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 5 (September/October 1999 ): 37-49.
    Richard Haass says that U.S. superiority cannot last in our increasingly multipolar world. U.S. foreign policy ought to encourage cooperation and build an international consensus to avoid great-power wars. We should revise our criteria for intervention. While the author questions whether or not the humanitarians crisis in Kosovo warranted our intervention, nevertheless he also asks, "Is the U.S. doing enough to ensure order and security in the world?" .

  233. Hillen, John. "Must US Military Culture Reform? " Parameters 29, no. 3 (Autumn, 1999): 9-23.
    Hillen examines the functional, legal and social forces that confront American military culture in the future. The military must learn to manage many influences that constantly affect its member's values, behavior and beliefs that together define it.

  234. Shacochis, Bob. "Soldiers of Great Fortune." Harpers Magazine (December, 1999): 44-56.
    The author reports from the deck of the USS Kearsage, and the refugee camps and war zones of Albania. He explores the role of the American military today, in a world where the line between humanitarian operations and actual war is often indistinguishable.

    United States - Military relations - Panama.

  235. Brinegar, Thomas J. "Managing Logistics in Panama." Army Logistician 31, no. 6 (November/December 1999): 26-29.
    The United States will transfer to Panama full responsibility for the operation of the Panama Canal on 31 December 1999. In the meantime, logistical operations for transportation, supply, maintenance, general engineering and services must continue while operating in an environment of friction, chaos and disorder. The logistical lessons learned from Panama will be of great benefit to other operations in the world.

    United States. National Security Agency.

  236. Hersh, Seymour M. "Intelligence Gap." New Yorker 75, no. 37 (December 6, 1999): 58-76.
    As new technologies develop, the National Security Agency is finding it difficult to keep up. Widely-available encryption technology and the massive volume of internet information has made collection and interpretation of intelligence data difficult. The agency is also stymied by bureacracy, personnel turnover, stagment ideas, and a growing alienation from the computer industry it once worked closely with.

    United States - Politics and government.

  237. Wilkerson, John D. "Killer Amendments in Congress." American Political Science Review 93, no. 3 (September, 1999): 535-552.
    The author, John D. Wilkerson from the University of Washington, studied "killer" amendments during the 103rd and 104th Congresses. Among the bills studied, killer amendments were quite rare, and in fact none caused the defeat of a bill. The author feels that his research shows one more way the majority exercises power by control of the legislative agenda.

    United States - Security measures.

  238. Hersh, Seymour M. "Intelligence Gap." New Yorker 75, no. 37 (December 6, 1999): 58-76.
    As new technologies develop, the National Security Agency is finding it difficult to keep up. Widely-available encryption technology and the massive volume of internet information has made collection and interpretation of intelligence data difficult. The agency is also stymied by bureacracy, personnel turnover, stagment ideas, and a growing alienation from the computer industry it once worked closely with.

    Values.

  239. Smith, Thomas W. "Aristotle on the Conditions for and Limits of the Common Good ." American Political Science Review 93, no. 3 (September, 1999): 625-636.
    The author suggests that a return to the Aristotelian concept of the "common good" would be beneficial for societies. The "common good " is the bridge between the individual and the community. Injustice is due to unchecked desire and greed, while friendship and sharing resources make life satisfying. Aristotelian theory may be used to critique the politics of regimes.

    War.

  240. Mitchell, Sara McLaughlin, Scott Gates, and Havard Hegre. "Evolution in Democracy-War Dynamics ." Journal of Conflict Resolution 43, no. 6 (December, 1999): 771-792.
    Kant's analytical perspective is reflected by the author's research on both the evolutionary and endogenous relationship between democracy and war at the system level. They propose that democratization will usually follow war and that it will decrease the systematic amount of war. They also propose that both the pacific and substantive impact of democracy on war will increase over time. Seven graphs are included.

    War -- Effect of technology on.

  241. Dunlap, Charles J. Jr. "Technology: Recomplicating Moral Life for the Nation's Defenders." Parameters 29, no. 3 (Autumn, 1999): 24-53.
    Dunlap examines the moral conundrums 21st century statesmen and soldiers may face that are generated by technological advances. It also assesses the effect of high-tech war on the existing law of armed conflict.

    War games.

  242. Echevarria, Antulio J. "Fusing Power and Land Power in the Twenty-First Century: Insights from the Army After Next." Airpower Journal 13, no. 3 (Fall, 1999): 66-74.
    The U.S. Army recently completed its annual war games exercise known as "Army after Next." In this article the author discusses how synchronization among air, land, sea and space systems will be critical for conducting successful military operations in the 21st century.

    War - Religious aspects - Islam.

  243. Mushtaq, Najum. "Islam Distorted." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 55, no. 4 (July/August 1999): 53-57.
    Mushtag explains the origin of the sectarian conflict between the Shia and Sunni Muslims in Pakistan. He describes the political aspects of the conflict, and the United States involvement. The concept of holy war among the Muslims is also discussed.

    Watersheds - Panama.

  244. Mencher, Marissa. "The Panama Canal: Danger Ahead." Journal of Environment & Development 8, no. 4 (December, 1999): 407-415.
    Programs sponsored by international organizations supporting environmental protection and providing long-term operating resources are needed by Panama. Massive deforestation is endangering the watershed areas and, only with help can, Panama hope to protect them.

    World War, 1939-1945.

  245. Heaton, Colin D. "Luftwaffe's Father of the Night Fighters." Military History 16, no. 6 (February, 2000): 42-48.
    Wolfgang Falck, a Germany World War II fighter pilot, introduced many aviation firsts such as on-board aerial radar-detection systems. His involvements in crating night flying in the Germany Luftwaffe in order to combat night bombings by British aircraft is discussed in this interview. Falck had a long, varied and interesting career, retiring at 75 from McDonnell-Douglas.

    World War, 1939-1945 - Cryptography.

  246. Budiansky, Stephen. "Too Late for Pearl Harbor ." Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute 125, no. 12 (December, 1999): 47-51.
    This article discusses one of the most researched mysteries of World War II - the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. What did the cryptologists really know, could they have prevented what happened, what did they do later to help the Pacific war effort?

    World War, 1939-1945 - Missing in action.

  247. Lewis, Jack. "A Search for Shadows." Leatherneck 82, no. 12 (December, 1999): 40-45.
    An account of the search for the bodies of the 18 Marines of 2d Marine Raider Bn who died during the Aug. 17, 1942 Makin raid. Some background is given about Col. Carlson and the raid, along with personal insights by survivors.

    World Wide Web - Study and teaching.

  248. Kiser, Kim. "10 Things We Know So Far About Online Training." Training 36, no. 11 (November, 1999): 66-74.
    In this article the author proposes ten "lessons learned" for web-based training. Issues addressed include training on your own time, keeping lessons short, and providing the human touch.

    Yeltsin, Boris Nikolayevich, 1931-

  249. Treisman, Daniel. "After Yeltsin Comes ... Yeltsin ." Foreign Policy , no. 117 (Winter 1999/2000): 74-86.
    Major changes after Yeltsin's departure may not occur because many of the problems are due not to Yeltsin but to the decentralized federation, political corruption and the fact that natural resources are concentrated in a few regions. Recognizing this reality should be the starting point from which the West begins to construct a policy.

    Yugoslav War, 1991-1995.

  250. Danilov, Dimitri. "Implications of the NATO Attack against Yugoslavia for European Security and Russian-Western Relations ." Mediterranean Quarterly 10, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 51-69.
    Events in the Balkans are being used by leading European players as a mechanism for attaining their own political goals. NATO aggression in Yugoslavia, regardless of its justification has transformed NATO into an enemy in the eyes of many Russians.

  251. Nambiar, Satish. "NATO Celebrates Its Fiftieth Anniversary by Destroying Yugoslavia." Mediterranean Quarterly 10, no. 3 (Summer, 1999): 15-24.
    The NATO operations against Yugoslavia raises a number of issues that need objective understanding and anaylsis in order to establish an equitable world order.